Nonprofit · EIN 86-0640183
ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST
Tax-exempt · TUCSON, AZ 85701
Financials
| Year ended | Form | Revenue | Expenses | Net income | Total assets | Liabilities | Net assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2024 | 990 | $4,055,512 | $3,520,141 | $535,371 | $13,346,211 | $1,018,517 | $12,327,694 |
| December 31, 2023 | 990 | $3,427,269 | $2,941,776 | $485,493 | $12,413,134 | $1,110,829 | $11,302,305 |
Financial details: 990 for the year ended December 31, 2024
Revenue
- Contributions, gifts and grants
- $3,262,279
- of which government grants
- $1,906,285
- Program service revenue
- $246,971
- Investment income
- $629,407
- Net rental income
- -$95,392
- Net gain from sales of assets
- $222,768
- Net income from sales of inventory
- $12,247
- Other revenue
- -$83,145
Expenses
- Grants and similar amounts paid
- $32,094
- Compensation of officers, directors and key employees
- $237,303
- Other salaries and wages
- $1,452,935
- Salaries, compensation and benefits (total)
- $1,980,680
- Professional fundraising fees
- $0
- Accounting fees
- $41,000
- Occupancy
- $7,250
- Travel
- $275,265
- Depreciation
- $72,324
- Program services (functional)
- $2,827,377
- Management and general (functional)
- $460,917
- Fundraising (functional)
- $231,847
Balance sheet and other
- Total assets, start of year
- $12,413,134
- Total assets, end of year
- $13,346,211
- Total liabilities, end of year
- $1,018,517
- Net assets, end of year
- $12,327,694
- Land, buildings and equipment
- $2,198,556
- Publicly traded securities
- $9,846,440
- Net assets without donor restrictions
- $3,266,885
- Net assets with donor restrictions
- $9,060,809
- Gross unrelated business income
- -$95,392
- Gross receipts
- $5,301,331
- Employees
- 37
- Volunteers
- 20
- Year formed
- 1989
- State of legal domicile
- AZ
From the e-filed returns the IRS publishes as XML (latest three processing years; amended returns replace the original). PDF copies at the IRS.
Officers, directors and key employees
As listed on the 990 for the year ended December 31, 2024, highest compensation first.
| Name | Title | Hours / week | Compensation | Other / benefits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steve Nash | President & CEO Trustee or director, Officer | 50 | $148,494 | $7,600 |
| Linda Pierce | Deputy Director (CFO) Officer | 40 | $71,378 | $9,831 |
| Dan Kimball | Chair Trustee or director, Officer | 2 | $0 | $0 |
| Mary Kay Gilliland | Secretary Trustee or director, Officer | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| David Kornberg | Treasurer Trustee or director, Officer | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Chip Colwell | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Paul Vanderveen | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Curtis Quam | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Davina Two Bears | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Ruth Kennedy Sudduth | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Ruth Van Dyke | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
990 for the year ended December 31, 2023: 11 people
| Name | Title | Hours / week | Compensation | Other / benefits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| William H Doelle | President & CEO Trustee or director, Officer | 40 | $148,863 | $6,416 |
| Linda Pierce | Deputy Director (CFO) Officer | 40 | $81,126 | $10,190 |
| Dan Kimball | Chair Trustee or director, Officer | 2 | $0 | $0 |
| Paul Vanderveen | Vice Chair Trustee or director, Officer | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Mary Kay Gilliland | Secretary Trustee or director, Officer | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| David Kornberg | Treasurer Trustee or director, Officer | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Chip Colwell | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Curtis Quam | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Ruth Kennedy Sudduth | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Davina Two Bears | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Ruth Van Dyke | Board member Trustee or director | 1 | $0 | $0 |
Address and contacts
- Address (IRS master file)
- 281 N STONE AVE, TUCSON, AZ 85701-1213
- In care of
- % MEGAN BARKER
- Principal officer (990 for 2024)
- Stephen E Nash, 281 N Stone Ave, Tucson, AZ 85701
- Signed the 990
- Stephen E Nash, President & CEO
- Phone
- (520) 882-6946
- Website
- www.archaeologysouthwest.org
- Return prepared by
- Keegan Linscott & Associates PC
Mission
We practice Preservation Archaeology, a holistic and conservation-based approach to exploring and protecting heritage places while honoring their diverse values. We compile archaeological information, make it accessible and understandable, share it with the public and decision-makers, advocate for landscape-scale protection, and steward heritage properties and conservation easements. We are committed to real and ongoing collaboration with Indigenous communities.
Program accomplishments
- Landscape and Site ProtectionSave History: The Save History campaign expanded prevention and outreach in 2024, distributing 2,000+ children's activity books, launching an oral history video project, and presenting at conferences, including the Society for American Archaeology, National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers, and the Southwest Symposium. Media outreach included NPR's Here and Now, podcasts, and Tribal youth events. Through SaveHistory.org, 12 crime tips were relayed to law enforcement.Archaeological Resource Crime Response and Prevention: The Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) Assistance Program, funded through a contract with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), strengthened detection and response by completing fieldwork for seven Tribe-requested damage assessments, installing 75+ trail cameras, and distributing 500+ no-trespassing signs. We built national capacity for protecting cultural heritage through three 5-day ARPA trainings with over 100 total participants from 18 Tribal Nations and multiple agencies, plus custom seminars and regional sessions.Respect Great Bend 2024: Archaeology Southwest remains a lead organization in the Respect Great Bend Coalition. House of Representatives Bill (H.R.) 9257, the "Great Bend of the Gila National Monument Establishment Act," introduced by the late Congressman Raul Grijalva in late 2024, includes provisions for Tribal Commission co-stewardship of the proposed National Monument in southwestern AZ. This act was the subject of a well-received Congressional Hearing and multiple events organized by the Coalition to raise awareness for the proposed monument, including: EcoFlights with journalists and Tribal leaders, podcasts, trivia nights in Tucson and Phoenix, a Great Bend of the Gila beer from AZ Wilderness Brewing, and a fly-in to Washington DC for the "Monumental Day of Action" in April 2024. These events received favorable press coverage from KJZZ, Arizona Republic, Environment America, AZ Highways, AZPM news, Tucson Sentinel, and Channel 12 News. Engagement with the San Lucy District of the Tohono O'odham Nation resulted in a resolution of support.Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA, 1990): Archaeology Southwest contracted with the BIA to expand our collaboration to encompass assistance with consultations, repatriations, and compliance pursuant to NAGPRA. This contractual agreement follows on updated 2024 NAGPRA regulations, which provide clearer frameworks for institutions and prioritize Indigenous knowledge. Program Coordinator Amy Gillaspie joined our staff as lead, with Skylar Begay and others receiving training and assisting Gillaspie in working with museums, universities, and institutions across the US to facilitate the return of Indigenous Ancestors and their belongings to their descendants.Greater Chaco Cultural Landscape: In 2024, we continued to work hard to keep the Greater Chaco Landscape fully protected. The 2023-approved 20-year mineral withdrawal of federal lands and minerals within a 10-mile protection zone around Chaco Culture National Historical Park is in place. Our advocacy work continued to focus on interactions with Tribal and NGO partners to ensure future protection of Chaco's fragile landscape.Expenses $1,527,313 · grants $600 · revenue $214,998
- ResearchCultural Uses of Plants and Animals in the Southern Southwest: We have a National Science Foundation grant to study how people used animals and plants before, during, and after migrants from what is now northeastern Arizona moved south to join existing communities in southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. We have compiled substantial quantities of previously analyzed paleobotanical (plant) and osteofaunal (animal bone) data from published and unpublished sources, much of which is now in cyberSW (see below). We partnered with Desert Archaeology, Inc., to train an undergraduate research assistant who processed numerous 50-year-old flotation samples that are now being analyzed, and we continue to analyze additional zooarchaeological assemblages. Documenting Indigenous and Historical Trails: 2023 and 2024 grants from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)put us on the ground documenting trails in the Sonoran Desert National Monument and expanding that methodology to other BLM units in Arizona. The objective is to evaluate the relationship, if any, between the Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail and existing Indigenous trails on public lands across the state.Expenses $503,912 · grants $4,800 · revenue $33,046
- cyberSWcyberSW: With the support of three National Science Foundation grants, the cyberSW team (Joshua Watts, Manager; Andre Takagi, Senior Systems Analyst/Developer; Caitlynn Mayhew [Din], Native American Fellow; Sarah Oas, Preservation Archaeologist; and Jeff Clark, Vice President for Research, serving in an advisory capacity) continued standardizing and adding information about pottery, plant & animal remains, and stone tools & artifacts recovered from ancient Indigenous settlements in AZ's Tonto, Phoenix, & Tucson Basins, southwestern NM, and southwestern CO. By the end of 2024, they had added data from more than 200 settlements. In late 2024, we were awarded a $350,000 grant from the National Endowment for Humanities' prestigious Digital Humanities Advancement Grant program. Funding will help us develop a digital field guide to O'Odham keystone plant & animal species, and help us improve the web platform in general. Work will build upon Mayhew's pilot project on Indigenous Knowledge & use of bird species.Expenses $441,292 · grants $26,694 · revenue $51
- Outreach and EducationPreservation Archaeology Position Papers: : John Welch, Paul Reed, Ashleigh Thompson, and Skylar Begay published a position paper: "Tribal Co-Management: What Works, Where and How." The paper complements attendance by Thompson and Begay at two "Bears Ears Gatherings," where members of the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition and the Bears Ears Commission planned co-management with the BLM and the US Forest Service. The paper blends the deliberations over Bears Ears with the results of international academic research and considerations of opportunities to structure co-management for the Great Bend of the Gila. Plans are in place for a new position paper on how Archaeology Southwest might uphold Indigenous data sovereignty principles.Archaeology Cafe: We concluded the 2023-2024 season of Archaeology Cafe, Nourishing Body, Soul, & Earth: Traditional Foods & Foodways, with a mix of in-person and virtual meetups. Later in 2024, we launched our 16th season with a fully in-person format at Catalyst, a community-creative space run by the Southern Arizona Arts & Cultural Alliance. Dogs! Exploring Canine Cultural Histories in North America proved to be vibrant and well-received, including by the very good dogs in attendance.Archaeology Southwest Magazine: In 2024, we published "Better for It: Archaeology Conceived in Collaboration with Community" (Archaeology Southwest Magazine Vol. 36, Nos. 3 & 4), a companion to our 2022-2023 season of Archaeology Caf. Contributors explored the challenges, scope, and rewards of collaborative archaeology. We completed a redesign that debuted early in 2025 with the 64-page Vol. 37, No. 1, "Continuity and Connections: The Living Landscapes of Mesa Verde," which was six years in development.Hands-On Archaeology: Preservation Archaeologist and Ancient Technologies Expert Allen Denoyer, Director of Outreach Sara Anderson, and volunteer Rocky Hettinger were busy in 2024: The Hands-On Archaeology program delivered 30 experiential learning events & workshops that directly engaged community members of all ages through recurring programs at metro Tucson's Steam Pump Ranch and Mission Garden. Additional appearances at the Tucson Festival of Books, Native Nations Day, Camp Cooper 60th anniversary, and World Atlatl Day at Catalina State Park helped broaden our community of supporters and advocates. Volunteers: In 2024, 107 individuals contributed a total of 5,034 hours of service across a wide range of projects. Two major collections-care projects were completed: the Robinson Project wrapped up after years of dedicated artifact analysis, and the Roadrunner Vista Project came to a close with the successful delivery of its materials to the Amerind Foundation. Volunteers also played vital roles in fieldwork. They logged nearly 1,800 hours on the Desert Trails Survey and Sabino Canyon Survey, and assisted with archaeological and conservation work in the San Pedro Valley.Expenses $354,860 · revenue $11,123
What it must file and when
IRS records say it files Form 990 or 990-EZ. Based on its last return; a smaller organization may file the 990-N. Its accounting year ends in December, so each return is due on the 15th day of the 5th month after that.
| Tax year | Year ended | Due | IRS public records |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | December 31, 2025 | May 15, 2026 | Not on file |
| 2024 | December 31, 2024 | May 15, 2025 | 990 on file |
| 2023 | December 31, 2023 | May 15, 2024 | 990 on file |
IRS record
- EIN
- 86-0640183
- Tax-exempt status
- 501(c)(3): Charitable, religious, educational or scientific organization
- Foundation status
- Publicly supported organization (170(b)(1)(A)(vi))
- Donations deductible (Pub 78)
- Public charity, 50% deduction limit
- Exempt since
- 1991
- Accounting year ends
- December
- Files
- Form 990 or 990-EZ
- Assets (IRS master file)
- $13,346,211
- Income (IRS master file)
- $5,301,331
Filing history
| Form | Year ended | Revenue | Expenses | Assets | Return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 990 | December 2024 | $4,055,512 | $3,520,141 | $13,346,211 | IRS |
| 990-T | December 2024 | – | – | – | IRS |
| 990 | December 2023 | $3,427,269 | $2,941,776 | $12,413,134 | XML |
| 990-T | December 2023 | – | – | – | IRS |
| 990 | December 2022 | $3,022,889 | $2,642,878 | $11,102,504 | IRS |
| 990-T | December 2022 | – | – | – | IRS |
| 990 | December 2021 | – | – | – | IRS |
| 990-T | December 2021 | – | – | – | IRS |
| 990 | December 2020 | – | – | – | IRS |
| 990 | December 2018 | – | – | – | IRS |
| 990 | December 2017 | – | – | – | IRS |
990-N: the IRS bulk file holds only the latest e-Postcard per organization; earlier years come from archived copies of that file since 2020 and can have gaps (the IRS e-Postcard search lists every one). 990, 990-EZ, 990-PF, 990-T: every e-filed return in the IRS e-file index since 2019; XML for the latest three processing years, amounts from the IRS Statistics of Income extracts before that. PDF copies and determination letters at the IRS (search EIN 86-0640183).
Questions about ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST
- What is the EIN of ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST?
- The employer identification number (EIN) of ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST is 86-0640183.
- Is ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST tax-exempt?
- Yes. The IRS lists it as tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) since 1991.
- Are donations to ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST tax-deductible?
- Yes. It is listed in IRS Publication 78 (Public charity, 50% deduction limit).
- Which annual return does ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST file?
- Form 990 or 990-EZ. Based on its last return; a smaller organization may file the 990-N.
- When is the next return of ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST due?
- The return for tax year 2025 (the year ending December 31, 2025) is due May 15, 2026. Form 8868 extends it by six months; the 990-N cannot be extended.
- When did ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST last file with the IRS?
- The latest return in the IRS public files is the 990 for the year ended December 2024.
- Who is the principal officer of ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST?
- The 990 for the year ended December 31, 2024 names Stephen E Nash.
- Who are the officers and directors of ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST?
- The 990 for the year ended December 31, 2024 lists 11 people; 2 received compensation from the organization, the highest $148,494 (Steve Nash, President & CEO).
- How much revenue does ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST have?
- On its 990 for the year ended December 31, 2024 it reported revenue of $4,055,512, expenses of $3,520,141 and total assets of $13,346,211 at year end.
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