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Nonprofit · EIN 11-6107128

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

Tax-exempt · NEW YORK, NY 10010

Financials

$247.1M$326.5M2022$298.7M$295.8M2023$443.3M$356.8M2024
Revenue Expenses · by fiscal year end
Financials of ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED by year, from its e-filed returns
Year endedFormRevenueExpensesNet incomeTotal assetsLiabilitiesNet assets
September 30, 2025990$443,267,772$356,751,950$86,515,822$520,426,832$133,747,241$386,679,591
September 30, 2024990$298,689,286$295,808,792$2,880,494$391,659,124$91,880,330$299,778,794
September 30, 2023990$247,057,586$326,456,967-$79,399,381$477,638,635$186,898,719$290,739,916
Financial details: 990 for the year ended September 30, 2025

Revenue

Contributions, gifts and grants
$411,250,696
of which government grants
$3,875,684
Program service revenue
$0
Investment income
$10,171,684
Royalties
$14
Net rental income
$109,681
Net gain from sales of assets
$1,546,878
Other revenue
$21,845,392

Expenses

Grants and similar amounts paid
$51,557,871
Compensation of officers, directors and key employees
$2,806,569
Other salaries and wages
$103,675,285
Salaries, compensation and benefits (total)
$133,664,337
Professional fundraising fees
$28,217
Legal fees
$3,656,387
Accounting fees
$173,232
Occupancy
$6,024,028
Travel
$6,483,393
Depreciation
$14,038,368
Program services (functional)
$314,673,973
Management and general (functional)
$16,866,119
Fundraising (functional)
$25,211,858

Balance sheet and other

Total assets, start of year
$391,659,124
Total assets, end of year
$520,426,832
Total liabilities, end of year
$133,747,241
Net assets, end of year
$386,679,591
Land, buildings and equipment
$7,702,122
Publicly traded securities
$87,860,092
Net assets without donor restrictions
$86,829,424
Net assets with donor restrictions
$299,850,167
Gross receipts
$511,891,659
Employees
1,058
Volunteers
42
Year formed
1967
State of legal domicile
NY

From the e-filed returns the IRS publishes as XML (latest three processing years; amended returns replace the original). PDF copies at the IRS.

Officers, directors and key employees

As listed on the 990 for the year ended September 30, 2025, highest compensation first.

NameTitleHours / weekCompensationOther / benefits
Frederic D KruppPresident
Officer
36$1,167,858$66,026
Amanda LelandExecutive Director
Officer
40$625,826$52,825
Sean CookEVP, Chief Administrative Officer
Officer
40$433,015$52,846
Angela Churie KallhaugeEVP, Impact
Highest-paid employee
40$416,099$59,881
Steven HamburgSVP, Chief Scientist
Highest-paid employee
40$422,614$43,569
Thomas MurrayEVP, Solutions
Highest-paid employee
40$404,431$59,246
Mark BrownsteinSVP, Energy Transition
Highest-paid employee
40$381,721$57,207
Amelia MiddletonSVP, Chief Marketing & Communications Officer
Highest-paid employee
40$380,698$56,695
N Lou Mkanganwi thru 662025Chief Financial & Technology Officer & Treasurer
Officer
36$388,146$47,917
GWEN RUTA THRU 122223FORMER SENIOR ADVISOR
Former
0$428,076$0
JAY KNOTT THRU 91623FORMER COO, SENIOR EXECUTIVE VP
Former
0$215,440$0
Ronora PawelkoSr. Director & Sr. Counsel - Political Law
Officer
24$191,724$14,190
CATHERINE NARDONE THRU 123123FORMER SR. EVP, CHIEF DEV. OFFICER
Former
0$190,811$0
ERIC SCHWAAB THRU 32224FORMER SVP, PEOPLE AND NATURE
Former
0$171,450$0
Abby LeighTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0$0
42 more people on this return
NameTitleHours / weekCompensation
Adam Met PhDTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Alice HillTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Andrea MongeTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Bruce V RaunerTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Carl FerenbachTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Christopher A ColeTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Christopher CostelloTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Coddy JohnsonTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
David S VogelTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Dr Tony G ReamesTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Elizabeth McCanceTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
G Leonard Baker JRTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Georges C Benjamin MDTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Ion YadigarogluTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Joshua BekensteinTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Katherine LorenzVice Chair
Trustee or director
2$0
Kathryn MurdochTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Kenneth Olden PhDTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Kevin JohnsonTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Kristen J FeldmanTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Leslie DachTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Lisa KeithTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Lise StricklerTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Lynn R Goldman MD MPHTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Marie Lynn Miranda PhDTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Mark W HeisingChair
Trustee or director
2$0
Matt CohlerVice Chair
Trustee or director
2$0
Michael D BillsTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Peggy M ShepardVice Chair
Trustee or director
2$0
Rachel CraneTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Richard J LazarusTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Ruth DeFries PhDTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Secretary Ray MabusTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Shelby W BonnieTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Spencer RobertsonTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Stanley DruckenmillerTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Stephen W Pacala PhDTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Susan Ford DorseyTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Susan MandelTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Susan OberndorfTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
THE HONORABLE THOMAS H KeanTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
Virginia SallTrustee
Trustee or director
2$0
990 for the year ended September 30, 2024: 56 people
NameTitleHours / weekCompensationOther / benefits
FREDERIC D KRUPPPRESIDENT
Officer
36$1,238,682$63,323
AMANDA LELANDEXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Key employee
40$629,295$50,082
CATHERINE NARDONETHRU 1223SR. EVP, CHIEF DEV. OFFICER
Key employee
36$554,272$52,039
JAY KNOTT THRU 1223COO, SENIOR EXECUTIVE VP
Key employee
40$511,819$42,164
Angela Churie KallhaugeExecutive VP, Impact
Highest-paid employee
40$423,364$68,166
Thomas MurrayEVP, Solutions
Highest-paid employee
40$407,504$68,134
SEAN COOKSVP, CHIEF HR OFFICER
Key employee
40$402,057$54,628
GWEN RUTASENIOR ADVISOR (THRU 12/23)
Highest-paid employee
40$399,029$33,403
Steven HamburgSVP, Chief Scientist
Highest-paid employee
40$378,604$45,222
ERIC SCHWAABSVP, PEOPLE AND NATURE
Highest-paid employee
40$388,270$27,313
N LOUIS MKANGANWISVP, CFO & CTO
Officer
36$344,267$43,474
CATHARINA M VANDERVOORTCLO & CORP SECY (THRU 2/24)
Officer
40$312,902$47,562
RONORA PAWELKO AS OF 524SR DIR, SR CNSL-POL LAW & SECY
Officer
4$178,827$10,212
MARK W HEISINGCHAIR
Trustee or director, Officer
2$0$0
MATT COHLERVICE CHAIR
Trustee or director, Officer
2$0$0
KATHERINE LORENZVICE CHAIR
Trustee or director, Officer
2$0$0
PEGGY M SHEPARDVICE CHAIR
Trustee or director, Officer
2$0$0
SHELBY W BONNIETRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
G LEONARD BAKER JRTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
JOSHUA BEKENSTEINTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
GEORGES C BENJAMIN MDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
MICHAEL D BILLSTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CHRISTOPHER A COLETRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CHRISTOPHER COSTELLOTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
COLLISTER CODDY JOHNSONTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
RACHEL CRANETRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
LESLIE DACHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
RUTH DEFRIES PHDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SUSAN FORD DORSEYTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
STANLEY DRUCKENMILLERTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
NIKKI ESLAMITRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
KRISTEN J FELDMANTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CARL FERENBACHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
LYNN R GOLDMAN MD MPHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CHARLES J HAMILTON JR ESQTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ALICE HILLTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
THE HONORABLE THOMAS H KEANTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
LISA KEITHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
RICHARD J LAZARUS ESQTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ABBY LEIGHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
FRANK E LOYTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SECRETARY RAY MABUSTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SUSAN MANDELTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ELIZABETH MCCANCETRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
MARIE LYNN MIRANDA PHDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
KATHRYN MURDOCHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SUSAN OBERNDORFTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
KENNETH OLDEN PHDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
STEPHEN W PACALA PHDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
BRUCE V RAUNERTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SPENCER ROBERTSONTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
VIRGINIA SALLTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ELIZABETH STRICKLERTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
DAVID S VOGELTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
Susan WojcickiTRUSTEE (thru 8/24)
Trustee or director
2$0$0
Ion Yadigaroglutrustee
Trustee or director
2$0$0
990 for the year ended September 30, 2023: 55 people
NameTitleHours / weekCompensationOther / benefits
FREDRIC KRUPPPRESIDENT
Officer
36$1,134,624$58,170
AMANDA LELANDEXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Key employee
40$534,764$65,754
CATHERINE NARDONESR. EVP, CHIEF DEV. OFFICER
Key employee
36$542,230$49,119
JAY KNOTTEVP & CHIEF ADMIN. OFFICER
Key employee
40$494,501$38,841
ELIZABETH GORESVP, POLITICAL AFFAIRS
Highest-paid employee
40$387,913$48,035
SEAN COOKSVP, CHIEF HUMAN RESOURCES OFF
Highest-paid employee
40$381,198$44,212
GWEN RUTASENIOR ADVISOR
Highest-paid employee
40$390,797$30,807
ERIC SCHWAABSVP, PEOPLE AND NATURE
Highest-paid employee
40$388,125$25,313
CATHARINA M VANDERVOORTCLO & CORPORATE SECRETARY
Officer
40$300,195$44,893
N LOUIS MKANGANWICFO
Officer
36$300,789$27,387
RYAN HAMILTONCHIEF OF STAFF
Highest-paid employee
40$295,515$31,279
MARK W HEISINGCHAIR
Trustee or director, Officer
2$0$0
MATT COHLERVICE CHAIR
Trustee or director, Officer
2$0$0
KATHERINE LORENZVICE CHAIR
Trustee or director, Officer
2$0$0
PEGGY M SHEPARDVICE CHAIR
Trustee or director, Officer
2$0$0
SHELBY W BONNIETRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
THE HONORABLE THOMAS H KEANTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
G LEONARD BAKER JRTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
JOSHUA BEKENSTEINTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
GEORGES C BENJAMIN MDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
MICHAEL D BILLSTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CHRISTOPHER A COLETRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CHRISTOPHER COSTELLOTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
COLLISTER CODDY JOHNSONTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
RACHEL CRANETRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
LESLIE DACHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
RUTH DEFRIES PHDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SUSAN FORD DORSEYTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
STANLEY DRUCKENMILLERTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
NIKKI ESLAMITRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
KRISTEN J FELDMANTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CARL FERENBACHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
LYNN R GOLDMAN MD MPHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CHARLES J HAMILTON JR ESQTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ALICE HILLTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
LISA KEITHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
RICHARD J LAZARUS ESQTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ABBY LEIGHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
FRANK E LOYTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SECRETARY RAY MABUSTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SUSAN MANDELTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ELIZABETH MCCANCETRUSTEE (EFF.
Trustee or director
2$0$0
MARIE LYNN MIRANDA PHDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
KATHRYN MURDOCHTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SUSAN OBERNDORFTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
KENNETH OLDEN PHDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
STEPHEN W PACALA PHDTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
BRUCE V RAUNERTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SARAH ROBERTSONTRUSTEE (THRU 5/23)
Trustee or director
2$0$0
SPENCER ROBERTSONTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
VIRGINIA SALLTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ELIZABETH STRICKLERTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
DAVID S VOGELTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0
CHARLES F WURSTER PHDTRUSTEE (THRU 7/23)
Trustee or director
2$0$0
ION YADIGAROGLUTRUSTEE
Trustee or director
2$0$0

Address and contacts

Address (IRS master file)
257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-7304
In care of
% FREDERIC D KRUPP
Principal officer (990 for 2024)
FREDERIC D KRUPP, 257 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010
Signed the 990
FREDERIC D KRUPP, PRESIDENT
Phone
(212) 505-2100
Return prepared by
BDO USA

Mission

TO PRESERVE THE NATURAL SYSTEMS ON WHICH ALL LIFE DEPENDS. GUIDED BY SCIENCE & ECONOMICS, WE FIND PRACTICAL & LASTING SOLUTIONS TO THE MOST SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. WE WORK TO STABILIZE THE CLIMATE, STRENGTHEN THE ABILITY OF PEOPLE AND NATURE TO THRIVE AND SUPPORT PEOPLE'S HEALTH.

990 for the year ended September 30, 2025

Program accomplishments

  • PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT - IN FY 2025, EDF RELIED ON DATA FROM THE METHANESAT SATELLITE AND METHANEAIR FLIGHTS TO PROVIDE THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL LOOK AT HOW MUCH METHANE IS BEING EMITTED BY OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS. AT THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION, EDF PARTICIPATED IN TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE SHIPPING DECARBONIZATION STRATEGY, FOCUSED ON EFFICIENCY, AND A FUEL STANDARD. IN THE U.S., EDF HELPED ADVANCE CLEAN AFFORDABLE ENERGY AND PERMITTING FOR CLEAN ENERGY PROJECTS IN CALIFORNIA, FLORIDA, ILLINOIS, NEW MEXICO, NORTH CAROLINA, CONNECTICUT, MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, RHODE ISLAND, VERMONT, TEXAS, AND OTHER STATES.
    Expenses $94,000,129 · grants $12,731,489
  • CORE CAPACITIES AND EDUCATION - IN FY 2025, EDF DELIVERED RESULTS ACROSS OUR CORE CAPACITIES, INCLUDING CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT, ECONOMICS AND SCIENCE. EDF WORKED WITH THREE NEW CORPORATE MEMBERS INTO THE DAIRY METHANE ACTION ALLIANCE TO REDUCE METHANE EMISSIONS ACROSS DAIRY SUPPLY CHAINS. EDF ADVANCED SCIENCE BY DEMONSTRATING A CUTTING-EDGE HYDROGEN SENSOR BEING USED IN A RESEARCH STUDY COORDINATED BY EDF TO MEASURE HYDROGEN EMISSIONS. EDF'S WATER LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE WORKED WITH MORE THAN 70 RURAL AND TRIBAL LEADERS, IN TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS ON SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND NETWORKS TO ADDRESS WATER CHALLENGES IN THEIR COMMUNITIES.
    Expenses $89,672,447 · grants $23,510,949
  • STRENGTHEN PEOPLE'S AND NATURE'S ABILITY TO THRIVE - IN FY 2025, EDF MADE PROGRESS ON RESILIENT WATER SUPPLIES IN CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO AND TEXAS. EDF ADVANCED POLICY AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FISHERIES, HELPING TO STRENGTHEN CONSERVATION EFFORTS, IMPROVE REGULATION OF FISHING PRACTICES AND MODERNIZE GOVERNANCE.
    Expenses $58,033,044 · grants $9,471,699
  • PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES TO SUPPORT PEOPLE'S HEALTH AND REGIONALLY FOCUSED WORK.
    Expenses $72,968,353 · grants $5,843,734

What it must file and when

IRS records say it files Form 990 or 990-EZ. Based on its last return; a smaller organization may file the 990-N. Its accounting year ends in September, so each return is due on the 15th day of the 5th month after that.

Tax yearYear endedDueIRS public records
2025September 30, 2026February 15, 2027Not due yet
2024September 30, 2025February 16, 2026990 on file
2023September 30, 2024February 17, 2025990 on file

IRS record

EIN
11-6107128
Tax-exempt status
501(c)(3): Charitable, religious, educational or scientific organization
Foundation status
Publicly supported organization (170(b)(1)(A)(vi))
Donations deductible (Pub 78)
Public charity, 50% deduction limit
Exempt since
1969
Accounting year ends
September
Files
Form 990 or 990-EZ
Category (NTEE)
Environment (C600)
Assets (IRS master file)
$520,426,832
Income (IRS master file)
$511,891,659

Filing history

FormYear endedRevenueExpensesAssetsReturn
990September 2025$443,267,772$356,751,950$520,426,832XML
990September 2024$298,689,286$295,808,792$391,659,124XML
990September 2023$247,057,586$326,456,967$477,638,635IRS
990September 2022$284,762,302$272,766,121$452,168,552IRS
990September 2021–––IRS
990September 2020–––IRS
990September 2018–––IRS

990-N: the IRS bulk file holds only the latest e-Postcard per organization; earlier years come from archived copies of that file since 2020 and can have gaps (the IRS e-Postcard search lists every one). 990, 990-EZ, 990-PF, 990-T: every e-filed return in the IRS e-file index since 2019; XML for the latest three processing years, amounts from the IRS Statistics of Income extracts before that. PDF copies and determination letters at the IRS (search EIN 11-6107128).

Questions about ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

What is the EIN of ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED?
The employer identification number (EIN) of ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED is 11-6107128.
Is ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED tax-exempt?
Yes. The IRS lists it as tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) since 1969.
Are donations to ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED tax-deductible?
Yes. It is listed in IRS Publication 78 (Public charity, 50% deduction limit).
Which annual return does ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED file?
Form 990 or 990-EZ. Based on its last return; a smaller organization may file the 990-N.
When is the next return of ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED due?
The return for tax year 2025 (the year ending September 30, 2026) is due February 15, 2027. Form 8868 extends it by six months; the 990-N cannot be extended.
When did ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED last file with the IRS?
The latest return in the IRS public files is the 990 for the year ended September 2025.
Who is the principal officer of ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED?
The 990 for the year ended September 30, 2025 names FREDERIC D KRUPP.
Who are the officers and directors of ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED?
The 990 for the year ended September 30, 2025 lists 57 people; 14 received compensation from the organization, the highest $1,167,858 (Frederic D Krupp, President).
How much revenue does ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED have?
On its 990 for the year ended September 30, 2025 it reported revenue of $443,267,772, expenses of $356,751,950 and total assets of $520,426,832 at year end.

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