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        <ExplanationTxt>1b - The Center has one employee who spends part of his time reaching out to Federal lawmakers to encourage support of animal-friendly legislation and to encourage opposition to animal-unfriendly legislation. 1e - Through digital communications, the Center informs its supporters about the presence of pro-animal legislation and urges individuals to reach out to Federal lawmakers in support of this humane-minded legislation. 1g - The Center hired several lobbying firms to reach out to lawmakers in the U.S. House and Senate to gain support for animal welfare legislation being considered.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Management evaluated the Center's tax positions and concluded that the financial statements do not include any uncertain tax positions.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Over the past year, we called out business operations of many of the most powerful sectors of the economy - agriculture, pharmaceuticals, forestry, athletic wear, wildlife management, and spectator sports, to name a few. That work took many forms in 2025, pressing global athletic brands to stop sourcing wild animal skins for their shoes, demanding that pharmaceutical leaders work to wind down animal testing in place of human-relevant methods, confronting multinational agribusiness giants investing in infrastructure to keep animals in immobilizing cages and crates, and demanding that forest product companies not wage an assault on the owls that quietly occupy the canopies of these above-ground ecosystems. This market-centered strategy is distinct from, but deeply complementary to, the legislative and political work of our sister organization, Animal Wellness Action (AWA). While that organization works to pass laws and demand their enforcement, the Center focuses on the conduct underlying commerce, influencing corporate sourcing decisions, research and development, and other core operations. When synchronized, these approaches act as dual levers to influence businesses and the markets they form. In 2025, we reached a milestone in a four-year global campaign to protect Australia's best-known marsupials: we secured agreements from the last global athletic wear holdouts on killing kangaroos to make soccer shoes. Adidas relented after we were able to make an appeal to the company's leaders at its annual shareholder meeting near Nuremberg last May. Soon thereafter, ASICS and Mizuno - both Japanese brands - surrendered to reason and innovation, too, and said they'd stop sourcing kangaroo skins for their footwear. During the four-year lifespan of the campaign -- the length of a single U.S. presidential term -- we ran the table on the nine biggest athletic shoe brands and cut off the trade from companies that neatly wrapped wild-animal skins around the feet of a billion soccer players in 190 nations of the world. Those shoes looked clean and nifty, but those soles and uppers came with a heavy moral cost. Our campaign succeeded because we linked purchasing practices in the marketplace with field work documenting that commercial shooters left mobs of kangaroos dead and the joeys orphaned and bleating for their mums. We also saw incremental progress in our game-changing campaign to end animal testing in drug development. Federal regulators, building on our successful work to pass the FDA Modernization Act 2.0 at the close of 2022, outlined pathways to replace animal-based testing mandates with human-relevant science. New leaders at our federal agencies publicly rejected what was once considered immovable orthodoxy - the notion that drug safety requires animal tests. The government's animal testing mandate is beginning to give way to new strategies -- organs-on-chips, advanced computational modeling, and other predictive tools that are both more humane and scientifically relevant to the human condition. Industrial animal agriculture, particularly extreme confinement systems, represents not only a moral failure but a subordinating of our core values - with externalized costs to animals, public health, and the environment. By first working to give the animals more space, and then to defend cage-free production standards from factory-farming interests seeking to turn back the clock, we are working to see that a realignment in agricultural markets is not only reflective of core consumer values, but it's durable and here to stay. All animals, including those raised for food, deserve our mercy. Economic transformation toward a humane economy is not just possible; it's been proven successful throughout history. More than a century ago, conservationists and animal welfare advocates ended the millinery trade - the making of hats from a bundle of neatly arranged feathers -- which had been decimating bird populations. Some decades earlier, our nation replaced whale oil with petroleum, giving no more reason for the ships to leave the ports and ply the seas in search of these leviathans. We mechanized transportation, reducing the exploitation of horses even while retaining the reference to horsepower in the new cars and trains. Time and again, industries built on animal suffering have yielded to innovation, moral scrutiny, and economic evolution. Today, alternative proteins are reshaping food production. Sustainable materials are replacing wildlife skins. Biotechnology and artificial intelligence are redefining drug testing. Ecotourism is outcompeting trophy hunting. In each case, the Center's role is to accelerate the transition and ensure that humane innovation displaces animal exploitation with the speed of a locomotive, or better yet, a rocket ship. Past transformations may look smooth in the rearview mirror, but they were anything but that. Power never yields to progress without a fight. Resistance is often rooted less in evidence or reason than in habit and a fear of change. But overcoming stubborn resistance is our business model. We can have it all - robust commerce and human flourishing and a safe place for the million species that live among us in the thin zone of life on Earth. It's our job to spare animals the lash, the gun, the cage, and the trap. Cruelty and greed can, and must, yield to the combination of moral urgency and human ingenuity.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The process for reviewing the Form 990 prior to filing includes circulation to all Board Members and the President. It is also carefully reviewed by accounting and financial personnel with experience in preparing this type of document.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The Conflict of Interest Policy, which was approved by the Board of Directors, is circulated on an annual basis to Board Members and the President with a request for disclosure of any conflicts not known to the Board. Any conflicts that arise are addressed in accordance with the Policy by the disinterested Board Members.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>In determining compensation for top management, officers and other key personnel, the organization takes into account the experience of the incumbent and comparable compensation data for similar positions within the market area.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>Copies of Form 990 or any governing documents can be requested from the organization via the website of by phone for the period of disclosure as set forth in IRC Section 6104(d).</ExplanationTxt>
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