2026-03-30T12:47:52-05:00 2025-06-30 910873571 GREENWOOD OHLUND PS 4241 21ST AVE W SUITE 400 SEATTLE WA 98199 990 2024-07-01 911663391 EARTH & SPACE RESEARCH EART 2067260501 1107 NE 45TH ST 320 SEATTLE WA 98105 JULIAN SCHANZE PRESIDENT/SENIOR SCIENTIST 2067260501 2026-03-28 1 1 ERIC L KIMPTON P01970440 2067821767 2024 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z JULIAN SCHANZE 1107 NE 45TH ST 320 SEATTLE WA 98105 1454644 0 X WWW.ESR.ORG X 1995 WA INCREASE SOCIETAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE EARTH SYSTEM THROUGH SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION. 4 2 9 12 0 0 1446940 1440449 0 4568 4897 6390 1528 3237 1453365 1454644 0 0 0 0 1132559 1087108 0 0 0 338085 334005 1470644 1421113 -17279 33531 743050 730488 411290 365197 331760 365291 X INCREASE SOCIETAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE EARTH SYSTEM THROUGH SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION. 0 0 917163 NASA: [1] PRODUCE ICESAT2 ICEBERG DRAFT ESTIMATES AROUND ANTARCTICA TO IMPROVE WATER DEPTH ESTIMATES, IMPROVING NAVIGATION IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN; UNDERSTANDING & MODELLING EDDY-SEA ICE INTERPLAY USING ICESAT2; SWOTICESAT-2 COMPARISONS TO IMPROVE SATELLITE RETRIEVALS. [2] CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF NASA SMAP DATASETS: DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL METHODS AND PLATFORMS TO COMPARE WITH IN SITU MEASUREMENTS; PRODUCTION OF CONTINUOUS DATA RECORD FROM ALL SALINITY SATELLITES.[3] ESR PRODUCES THE OSCAR OCEAN SURFACE CURRENT ANALYSIS, INFORMING BOTH FRESHWATER TRANSPORT AND SUPPORTING MARITIME INDUSTRIES.[4] LINKING NORTH ATLANTIC SALINITY AND EDDIES TO ARCTIC FRESHWATER TRANSPORT, A KEY DRIVER OF DENSITY WHICH CONTROLS SEA ICE FORMATION.[5] EVALUATE SALINITY & SEA ICE FORMATION IN THE ARCTIC. [CONTINUED][1] AS PART OF ESR'S EFFORT TO OBSERVE AND QUANTIFY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEA ICE, ICE SHELVES, ICEBERGS AND THE OCEAN AROUND ANTARCTICA USING ICESAT-2 ALTIMETRY, NOVEL TECHNIQUES WERE DEVELOPED TO PROCESS ICESAT-2 DATA TO ESTIMATE ICEBERG DRAFTS IN COASTAL ANTARCTIC REGIONS TO IMPROVE WATER DEPTH ESTIMATES. THESE ESTIMATES CAN INFORM MARITIME TRAFFIC IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AND PROVIDE OCEAN DEPTH ESTIMATES IN AN AREA OF VERY SPARSE DEPTH SOUNDINGS. IN A NEW STUDY, ESR IS LEVERAGING BOTH THE NASA ICESAT-2 AND SWOT SATELLITES TO STUDY THE ICE-OCEAN CO-EVOLUTION ALONG THE ANTARCTIC AMUNDSEN SEA COAST FROM SWOT USING OPEN CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE.[2] ESR'S WORK AS PART OF THE NASA INFRASTRUCTURE TEAM IS TO ENSURE THE CONTINUITY OF NASA-SUPPORTED SALINITY VALIDATION AND THE CONSISTENCY AND RELIABILITY OF THE SEA SURFACE SALINITY DATA PRODUCTS. WE MAINTAIN AND CONTINUALLY ENHANCE THE IN-SITU VALIDATION DATA SYSTEM FOR SMAP DATA VALIDATION AND COLLABORATE WITH THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY ON A JOINT VALIDATION PLATFORM. ESR IS CONTINUING THE PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENOUS AND CONTINUOUS RECORD FROM THREE SATELLITES (SMOS, AQUARIUS, SMAP) TO PROVIDE A NEAR 15-YEAR BEST-ESTIMATE OF SEA SURFACE SALINITY (SSS). SSS CAN BE USED TO TRACK AND PREDICT SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS, PREDICT SEA ICE, AND TO MONITOR RIVERINE FLOWS INTO THE OCEAN.[3] THE OCEAN SURFACE CURRENT ANALYSIS REALTIME (OSCAR) IS A GLOBAL SURFACE DATABASE. ESR SCIENTISTS CALCULATE GLOBAL OCEAN SURFACE MIXED LAYER VELOCITIES FROM SATELLITE-SENSED SEA SURFACE HEIGHT GRADIENTS, WINDS, AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE FIELDS USING OCEAN DYNAMICAL EQUATIONS. OUR RESEARCH PROVIDES THESE DATASETS TO THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY, AND WE ARE CONTINUALLY IMPROVING MODELS OF HOW WIND ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE ATMOSPHERE TO THE OCEAN THROUGH THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER. AS PART OF THIS EFFORT, WE ARE INVESTIGATING VARIABILITY IN OCEAN CIRCULATION PATTERNS OBSERVED OVER MORE THAN THREE DECADES OF OSCAR DATA.[4] THIS WORK COMBINES NASA SEA SURFACE SALINITY, ALTIMETRY, AND OCEAN VECTOR WIND PRODUCTS TO QUANTIFY THE FLUX OF FRESHWATER AND SALT FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC INTO THE ARCTIC. THE FRESHWATER AND SALT FLUXES INTO THE ARCTIC DETERMINE THE CIRCULATION PATTERN, DEEP WATER FORMATION, AND THE TIMING OF AUTUMNAL SEA ICE FORMATION. [5] THE SALINITY AND STRATIFICATION AT THE SEA ICE EDGE FIELD CAMPAIGN HAS PRODUCED BOTH NOVEL MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS. THESE INCLUDE A FIDUCIARY REFERENCE MEASUREMENT OF SEA SURFACE SALINITY AT A DEPTH OF 1-2CM PERFORMED BY ESR SCIENTISTS, AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE LINK BETWEEN SEA SURFACE SALINITY (SSS) AND THE TIMING OF THE AUTUMNAL SEA ICE ADVANCE IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN. WE HAVE FOUND THAT SSS IS AN EXCELLENT PREDICTOR OF SEA ICE FORMATION, A CRUCIAL VARIABLE FOR ARCTIC MARITIME INDUSTRIES AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS. [6] ESR SCIENTISTS CONTRIBUTED TO AN INVESTIGATION SEA SURFACE SALINITY VARIABILITY AND ITS UNDERLYING PROCESSES IN THE SOUTH INDIAN OCEAN (SIO). THE WORK IMPROVES OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCESSES CONTROLLING LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE SALINITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE UPPER-LAYER SIO AND ITS HALOSTERIC CONTRIBUTION TO SEA LEVEL. 135876 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (NSF):EARTH AND SPACE SCIENTISTS SUPPORTED A FIELD SEASON IN SOUTH-WEST GREENLAND IN SUPPORT OF THE ICECAPS-MELT PROGRAM. ICECAPS-MELT IS A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT TO UNDERSTAND ATMOSPHERESNOW INTERACTIONS ON THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET, WITH A FOCUS ON MELT PROCESSES IN THE HIGH INTERIOR. ESR SCIENTISTS CURATED AND PUBLISHED IN-SITU SNOW PROPERTY DATASETS AND RAN HIGH-RESOLUTION SNOW AND ENERGY-BUDGET MODELS, INTEGRATING OBSERVATIONS FROM AUTONOMOUS OBSERVATORIES AT SUMMIT STATION AND CAMP RAVEN AND LEVERAGING CITIZEN SCIENCE. THIS WORK PROVIDES CRITICAL CONTEXT FOR SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS AND IMPROVES PREDICTIONS OF HOW SURFACE MELT WILL EVOLVE. 79106 NORWEGIAN POLAR INSTITUTE: EARTH AND SPACE RESEARCH SCIENTISTS INSTALLED AND SUPPORTED THE INTEGRATED CLOUD AND BOUNDARY-LAYER OBSERVATORY AT THE TROLL OBSERVING NETWORK, A RESEARCH STATION IN ANTARCTICA THAT IS OPERATED BY THE NORWEGIAN POLAR INSTITUTE. THE OBSERVATION STATION COMBINES STATE-OF-THE-ART SENSORS INCLUDING SCANNING CLOUD RADAR, MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY, DEPOLARIZATION LIDAR, AND AUTOMATED RADIOSONDE SYSTEMS TO PROVIDE CONTINUOUS OBSERVATIONS OF ANTARCTIC CLOUDS, RADIATION, AND BOUNDARY-LAYER PROCESSES. ESR SCIENTISTS COLLABORATE ON INSTALLATION, DATA ANALYSIS, AND MODELING, DELIVERING REAL-TIME DATASETS THAT HELP UNRAVEL HOW ANTARCTIC CLOUDS REGULATE ENERGY EXCHANGE AND CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBAL WEATHER PATTERNS. 155 4568 ESR SUMMER INSTITUTE:THE SUMMER INSTITUTE IS A MENTORED RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAM THAT ENGAGES STUDENTS IN GEOSCIENCE AND DATA SCIENCE PROJECTS ADDRESSING REAL-WORLD CHALLENGES. IN 2025, WE DEVELOPED THE SKILLS OF FOUR STUDENTS, RESULTING IN EXTERNALLY VISIBLE OUTCOMES, INCLUDING BLOG PUBLICATIONS, CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS, AND PEER-REVIEW ARTICLES, WHILE STRENGTHENING THE EARTH SCIENCE WORKFORCE PIPELINE. 155 4568 1132300 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 X JULIAN SCHANZE 2067260501 1107 NE 45TH ST 320 SEATTLE WA 98105 JULIAN SCHANZE PRESIDENT/SENIOR SCIENTIST 40.00 X X 129864 0 20286 LAURIE PADMAN DIRECTOR/SENIOR SCIENTIST 20.00 X X 114342 0 13114 GAEL TARTLETON DIRECTOR AND TREASURER UNTIL JUNE 1.00 X X 0 0 0 GARY LAGERLOEF DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 DAVID THURMAN DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MICHAEL TOWN VICE PRESIDENT/RESEARCH SCIENTIST 40.00 X 124069 0 26356 JESSICA ANDERSON TREASURER/SECRETARY/RESEARCH SCIENTIST 33.00 X 81048 0 17369 OLEG MELNECHENKO SENIOR SCIENTIST 40.00 X 152334 0 44234 SUSAN HOWARD SENIOR SCIENTIST 40.00 X 123623 0 31362 725280 0 152721 5 0 1 0 0 1440449 1440449 SUMMER INSTITUTE 900099 4568 4568 4568 6390 6390 MISCELLANEOUS INCOME 900099 3237 3237 3237 1454644 4568 0 9627 523175 388580 134595 403606 345505 58101 40360 32470 7890 55061 42215 12846 64906 51354 13552 102265 80555 21710 26900 21641 5259 39217 39217 24879 19684 5195 9343 7394 1949 55038 43546 11492 44811 35455 9356 1285 1017 268 21719 17184 4535 TAXES 5434 4299 1135 DUES & SUBSCRIPTIONS 2533 2004 529 EDUCATION & CONFERENCES 426 101 325 POSTAGE & SHIPPING 155 79 76 1421113 1132300 288813 0 218401 216026 246956 203346 156048 200049 13535 29923 195916 178733 5996 17183 102114 63961 743050 730488 157753 196268 152569 106109 100968 62820 411290 365197 X 331760 345603 19688 331760 365291 743050 730488 33531 0 X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 1380255 1487541 1272533 1446940 1440449 7027718 1380255 1487541 1272533 1446940 1440449 7027718 7027718 31 22 285 4897 6390 11625 158 3143 1528 3237 8066 7047409 6134 0.99720 0.99870 X SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME: OTHER INCOME RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 183444 178733 4711 12472 12472 17183 DEPOSITS 3330 RIGHT OF USE ASSET - LEASE 60631 63961 RIGHT OF USE LIABILITY - LEASE 62820 62820 1454644 0 1454644 0 1454644 1421113 0 1421113 0 1421113 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OLEG MELNECHENKO SENIOR SCIENTIST 152334 0 0 0 0 0 15234 0 29000 0 196568 0 0 0 SUSAN HOWARD SENIOR SCIENTIST 123623 0 0 0 0 0 12362 0 19000 0 154985 0 0 0 MICHAEL TOWN VICE PRESIDENT/RESEARCH SCIENTIST 124069 0 0 0 0 0 12406 0 13950 0 150425 0 0 0 JULIAN SCHANZE PRESIDENT/SENIOR SCIENTIST 129864 0 0 0 0 0 12986 0 7300 0 150150 0 0 0 FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 1A ESR HAS HISTORICALLY NOT TREATED THE SECRETARY AS A MEMBER OF THE BOARD, WHICH MAKES THIS POSITION NON-VOTING. AT FYE, THE TREASURER ROLE WAS ALSO NON VOTING. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B AFTER PRESIDENT AND CFO REVIEWS, THE 990 IS SENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR REVIEW, QUESTIONS, OR ACCEPTANCE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C PRIOR TO AUDIT A COI FORM IS SENT TO EACH BOARD MEMBER FOR SIGNATURE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST BY CONTACTING EARTH & SPACE RESEARCH'S ADMIN. OFFICE LOCATED AT 1107 NE 45TH ST., SUITE 320, SEATTLE, WA 98105.