2026-01-29T21:53:15-06:00 2025-09-30 411647057 MAHONEY ULBRICH CHRISTIANSEN & RUSS PA 10 RIVER PARK PLAZA SUITE 800 SAINT PAUL MN 55107 990 2024-10-01 383888458 THE NATIONAL NATIVE AMERICAN BOARDING SC NATI 6123547700 2525 FRANKLIN AVENUE SUITE 120 MINNEAPOLIS MN 55406 SAMUEL B TORRES DEPUTY CEO 6123547700 2026-01-27 1 0 TONYA J SHELDON P01270696 6512276695 2026-01-27 2024 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z DEBORAH PARKER 2525 FRANKLIN AVENUE SUITE 120 MINNEAPOLIS MN 55406 3998741 0 X WWW.BOARDINGSCHOOLHEALING.ORG X 2012 CO TO PURSUE TRUTH, HEALING, AND RECONCILIATION TO ADDRESS ONGOING INTERGENERATIONAL TRAUMA FROM THE U.S. INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICY AND TO SUPPORT COMMUNITY LED HEALING. 8 8 30 8 0 0 2458007 3717967 22297 51378 5332 202709 22112 7532 2507748 3979586 45272 68407 0 0 2525695 2827924 0 0 307421 1666412 1889034 4237379 4785365 -1729631 -805779 6306577 5057250 763200 319652 5543377 4737598 X TO LEAD IN THE PURSUIT OF UNDERSTANDING AND ADDRESSING THE ONGOING TRAUMA CREATED BY THE U.S. INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICY. 0 0 1737982 ORAL HISTORY PROJECT - IN A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, NABS CONTINUES ITS HISTORIC ORAL HISTORY PROJECT (OHP) TO GIVE BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS FROM AROUND THE COUNTRY THE OPPORTUNITY TO SPEAK THEIR TRUTH ABOUT BOARDING SCHOOL EXPERIENCES AND IMPACTS FOR THE FIRST PERMANENT COLLECTION OF ORAL HISTORIES THAT WILL BE PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE. THE MULTI-YEAR PROJECT IS LED BY THE OHP TEAM ALONG WITH SKY BEAR MEDIA AS THEY TRAVEL TO OVER TWENTY STATES TO MEET AND INTERVIEW BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS. SEVEN WEEK-LONG SITE VISITS WERE COMPLETED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR, INCLUDING TRIPS TO NEW YORK, MICHIGAN, HAWAII, KANSAS, NEVADA, WISCONSIN, AND SOUTH DAKOTA. AS OF SEPTEMBER 2025, 263 ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED WITH BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE PROJECT.AT EACH SITE VISIT, THE OHP TEAM ENGAGES THE RELATIVES OF THE HOMELAND IN LEADING CEREMONIES, ADVISING ON CULTURAL TRADITIONS, AND GUIDING HEALING SUPPORT FOR EACH SITE VISIT. AN OPENING CEREMONY WAS HELD AT EACH SITE VISIT WHICH ENGAGED 398 GUESTS AND A CLOSING CEREMONY CONCLUDED EACH WEEK THAT ENGAGED 447 GUESTS. MANY HAVE CONVEYED THE IMPORTANCE OF DOCUMENTING THESE HISTORIES AND HAVE UNDERSCORED THE IMPORTANCE FOR THIS WORK TO CONTINUE BEYOND THE CURRENT PROJECT TIMELINE. 718966 64207 9063 HEALING - NABS WORK IS UNIQUE IN THAT IT IS ANCHORED IN TRADITIONAL INDIGENOUS WAYS OF KNOWING AND BEING, WHILE COMPLEMENTED WITH CONTEMPORARY RESOURCES TO ASSIST NATIVE PEOPLES TO HEAL FROM INTERGENERATIONAL TRAUMA. EVERY ASPECT OF THE PROCESS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO HONOR AND RESPECT ALL PARTICIPANTS, FOSTER COLLABORATION AT MULTIPLE LEVELS, CENTRALLY POSITION RECIPROCITY, AND TO CULTIVATE KINSHIP RELATIONSHIPS. ONLINE VIRTUAL HEALING CIRCLES WERE HELD MONTHLY FACILITATED BY ONE MEMBER OF THE HEALING TEAM ALONG WITH TWO NATIVE LICENSED THERAPISTS. AN AVERAGE OF 20 BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS FROM VARIOUS TRIBAL NATIONS ACROSS THE U.S. PARTICIPATED IN THE VIRTUAL CIRCLES. THE FEEDBACK FROM PARTICIPANTS HAS BEEN THAT THEY WANT TO KEEP THE CIRCLE GOING BECAUSE IT HAS HELPED THEM TO FEEL CONNECTED, UNDERSTOOD AND HOPEFUL. NABS ESTABLISHED HEALING INFORMED RESOURCES FOR SELF-CARE & TRAUMA NOW AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE AND SHARED WITH PARTICIPANTS.THIS YEAR ALSO FOCUSED ON DEVELOPING MORE SAFE SPACES FOR BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS TO EXPLORE CULTURE AND ARTISTIC EXPRESSION. WITH THE SUPPORT FROM THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS (NEA), THE HEALING TEAM WAS ABLE TO WORK CLOSELY WITH 5 MASTER NATIVE ARTISTS TO TEACH TRADITIONAL ART FORMS. THE TEAM SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENTED ONLINE CLASSES FOCUSING ON MOCCASIN MAKING AND HEALING THROUGH SONG, WITH A TOTAL OF 45 PARTICIPANTS THUS FAR. THIS PROJECT IS GUIDED BY THE WISDOM OF 5 HEALTH AMBASSADORS: DEDICATED ADVOCATES FOR THE HEALING POWER OF THE ARTS IN OUR COMMUNITIES. NABS HAS LEARNED FROM BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS THAT RECEIVING A CARE PACKAGE FILLED WITH CULTURALLY RELEVANT AND USEFUL INDIGENOUS-MADE PRODUCTS ENHANCES WELLBEING, REDUCES ISOLATION, AND INCREASES COMMUNITY CONNECTEDNESS. CARE PACKAGES TO SUPPORT ON-GOING HEALING WERE SENT TO 216 ELDERS THIS YEAR, INCLUDING THE SURVIVORS WHO WERE INTERVIEWED FOR THE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT.WITH THE CONTINUED SUPPORT OF NORTHWEST INDIAN COLLEGE OFFERING NABS SPACE AT NO COST FOR A HEALING SITE IN TULALIP, WASHINGTON, NABS HAS DEVELOPED A PLAN TO STRENGTHEN HEALING OPPORTUNITIES FOR BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS AND DESCENDANTS, OFFERING SAFE, CONSISTENT, AND CULTURALLY GROUNDED SERVICES AT THIS LOCATION. TWO STAFF CURRENTLY MAINTAIN THE NW HEALING CENTER, AND WE EXPECT TO HAVE A FULL OFFERING OF HEALING SUPPORT THREE DAYS A WEEK BY MID-2026. 674724 3000 3750 DIGITAL ARCHIVES - THE DIGITAL ARCHIVES TEAM CONTINUES TO EXPAND THE NATIONAL INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL DIGITAL ARCHIVES (NIBSDA); AN INDIGENOUS-GOVERNED PLATFORM DESIGNED TO DIGITIZE, PRESERVE, AND SHARE BOARDING SCHOOL RECORDS AND SURVIVOR TESTIMONIES. NIBSDA ADDRESSES THE NATIONAL FRAGMENTATION OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS AND RE-CENTERS CONTROL IN THE HANDS OF NATIVE COMMUNITIES. THE DIGITAL ARCHIVES TEAM MAINTAINED A HIGH LEVEL OF MOMENTUM IN BUILDING NIBSDA THIS PAST YEAR WITH OVER 100,000 PAGES OF RECORDS SCANNED AND PRESERVED.THE INDIGENOUS DIGITAL ARCHIVES PREVIOUSLY MAINTAINED BY THE MUSEUM OF INDIAN ARTS AND CULTURE IN NEW MEXICO HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY TRANSFERRED TO NABS, PRESERVING AND EXPANDING ACCESS TO MATERIALS CENTERED ON THE SOUTHWEST REGION OF THE UNITED STATES, PARTICULARLY RECORDS RELATED TO FEDERAL AND CHURCH-OPERATED INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS, INDIAN AGENCIES, AND TRIBAL LAND GOVERNANCE. THE DIGITAL ARCHIVES TEAM SUPPORTED A SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH TRIP TO MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY THAT BROUGHT TOGETHER OGLALA SIOUX TRIBAL MEMBERS, MAPYA LTA REPRESENTATIVES, AND COMMUNITY ADVISORS TO ENGAGE DIRECTLY WITH ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS DOCUMENTING HOLY ROSARY MISSION AND RED CLOUD INDIAN SCHOOL. MORE THAN 120 BOXES OF HOLY ROSARY RECORDS AND 22 BOXES OF RED CLOUD SCHOOL MATERIALS DATING FROM THE LATE 19TH CENTURY WERE REVIEWED. DURING THE SENECA INDIAN SCHOOL ANNUAL ALUMNI MEETING IN JUNE 2025, THE DIGITAL ARCHIVES TEAM COLLABORATED WITH THE WYANDOTTE NATION TO IMPLEMENT THE COMMUNITY VOICES PROJECT. PARTNERING WITH SKY BEAR MEDIA, EIGHT IN-DEPTH ORAL HISTORIES WERE RECORDED WITH SENECA INDIAN SCHOOL ALUMNI AND DESCENDANTS, CAPTURING PERSONAL ACCOUNTS OF BOARDING SCHOOL EXPERIENCES AND THEIR INTERGENERATIONAL IMPACTS. THESE INTERVIEWS HAVE BEEN EDITED AND ARE IN QUEUE FOR PRESERVATION IN NIBSDA. NABS' DIGITAL ARCHIVES TEAM HAS ALSO HOSTED AND ATTENDED TRIBAL CONSULTATIONS AND LISTENING SESSIONS IN MINNESOTA, GATHERING FEEDBACK TO INFORM ONGOING WORK AT PIPESTONE NATIONAL MONUMENT. AS A RESULT, NABS HAS RECEIVED A GRANT TO PURSUE THE DIGITIZATION OF ALL RECORD RELATED TO THE PIPESTONE INDIAN SCHOOL.NEGOTIATIONS WITH HAVERFORD AND SWARTHMORE COLLEGES RESULTED IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND COLLECTION OF QUAKER-RELATED BOARDING SCHOOL DOCUMENTS, BRINGING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES DIGITIZED TO 24,317, WITH MORE THAN HALF NOW PROCESSED AND CATALOGED. 580486 9697 ADVOCACY - IN THE CURRENT POLITICAL CLIMATE, NABS HAS CONTINUED TO LEAD THE CALL TO ACTION ADVOCATING FOR A TRUTH AND HEALING COMMISSION ON INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICIES, TO: 1) FORMERLY INVESTIGATE, DOCUMENT, AND REPORT ON THE HISTORIES OF INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS, INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICIES, AND THE SYSTEMATIC AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLES, 2) TO DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FEDERAL ACTION BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF THE COMMISSION, AND 3) TO PROMOTE HEALING FOR SURVIVORS OF INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS, THE DESCENDANTS OF THOSE SURVIVORS, AND THE COMMUNITIES OF THOSE SURVIVORS.NABS CONTINUED TO BUILD A BROAD COALITION, GROWING TO 1,815 INDIVIDUALS AND 74 TRIBES AND ALLY ORGANIZATIONS TO ENGAGE IN ADVOCACY EFFORTS. OF THE TOTAL INDIVIDUALS, 64% ARE TRIBAL ENROLLED CITIZENS.IN SUPPORT OF THE TRUTH AND HEALING COMMISSION ON INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICIES ACT, NABS HAS GARNERED THE ENDORSEMENT OF 52 TRIBES AND ORGANIZATIONS, AND HAS RECEIVED SUPPORT THROUGH 76 RESOLUTIONS AND PETITIONS FROM INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL, AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, TRIBES, CHURCHES, TRIBAL COLLEGES, AND CITIES. ADDITIONALLY, THE ADVOCACY TEAM'S TAKE ACTION CAMPAIGN SAW SIGNIFICANT ENGAGEMENT, WITH 3,053 ADVOCATES USING THE "CONTACT YOUR CONGRESSIONAL MEMBERS" FORM ON NABS' WEBSITE TO SEND 8,704 EMAILS AND PHONE CALLS TO SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES IN SUPPORT OF THE LEGISLATION.IN APRIL 2025, NABS TEAMED UP WITH THE NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS FUND (NARF), NATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN INDIANS (NCAI), AND THE ASSOCIATION ON AMERICAN INDIAN AFFAIRS (AAIA), TO SUCCESSFULLY EDUCATE THE U.S. SUPREME COURT ON BOARDING SCHOOL HISTORY AND THE CULTURAL GENOCIDE.IN SEPTEMBER, THE ADVOCACY TEAM LED A NATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE IN WASHINGTON, D.C. WITH 60 SUPPORTERS AND KEY PARTNERS, INCLUDING STAFF FROM U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TOM COLE'S OFFICE AND TRIBAL LEADERS. THE EVENT AMPLIFIED NATIONAL AWARENESS AND ENERGIZED STAKEHOLDERS. PROCLAMATIONS IN VARIOUS STATES ACKNOWLEDGED THE DAY OF REMEMBRANCE INCLUDING KANSAS, MINNESOTA, MICHIGAN, AND NEW MEXICO. 303584 1200 36400 EDUCATION - NABS RESEARCH AND EDUCATION TEAM CONTINUED TO ADVANCE OUR MISSION THROUGH COLLABORATION, RESEARCH, THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES FOR PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITY, AND PRESENTATIONS ACROSS THE U.S. DURING THE YEAR, NABS ONLINE RESOURCE DATABASE HAS WELCOMED 8,182 VISITORS, REFLECTING STRONG AND GROWING ENGAGEMENT. THE DATABASE HAS DRAWN 122,487 VISITORS SINCE ITS RELEASE IN 2020.AS PEOPLE SEEK TO UNDERSTAND THE HORRIFIC HISTORY OF INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS, THE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION TEAM IS DILIGENTLY PREPARING WRITTEN NARRATIVES FOR EACH KNOWN BOARDING SCHOOL. THE TEAM COMPLETED AND FINALIZED 10 NEW NARRATIVES THIS YEAR, BRINGING THE TOTAL TO 282 FINALIZED NARRATIVES OUT OF 526 IDENTIFIED BOARDING SCHOOL INSTITUTIONS. THE TEAM HOSTED A RESEARCH WEBINAR ON APRIL 29TH TITLED "A DIFFICULT STORY: UNDERSTANDING INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS IN MICHIGAN" BY ERIC HEMENWAY, WHICH DREW MORE THAN 250 PARTICIPANTS NATIONWIDE. CONTRIBUTING TO ORAL HISTORY PRESERVATION, THE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION TEAM CONDUCTED SIX INTERVIEWS WITH BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS CONNECTED TO MINNESOTA. THE PROJECT, MODELED AFTER NABS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT, CONTRIBUTES TO THE "UNDERSTAND NATIVE MINNESOTA" INITIATIVE IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA AND FUNDING BY THE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX TRIBE IN SHAKOPEE, HELPING EDUCATE MINNESOTANS ABOUT NATIVE HISTORY.THE TEAM COMPLETED VOLUME 2 OF THE TRUTH AND HEALING CURRICULUM ALIGNED WITH FIVE STATES' EDUCATION STANDARDS - MINNESOTA, MICHIGAN, OREGON, WASHINGTON, AND NEW MEXICO. THIS HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUM OFFERS A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK FOR TEACHING INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOL HISTORY AND WILL BE RELEASED BY THE END OF 2025. 884070 1200 46097 4015742 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 0 30 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 8 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 MN X X DEBORAH PARKER 6123547700 2525 FRANKLIN AVENUE SUITE 120 MINNEAPOLIS MN 55406 RAMONA KLEIN 1ST VICE PRESIDENT 6.00 X X 0 0 0 THERESA SHELDON TREASURER 1.00 X X 0 0 0 CHIEF BENJAMIN BARNES PRESIDENT 3.00 X X 0 0 0 JUANA DIXON DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 AGNES ATTAKAI DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 ROCHELLE ETTAWAGESHIK SECRETARY 2.00 X X 0 0 0 RORY WHEELER DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 JAMES LABELLE 2ND VICE PRESIDENT 3.00 X X 0 0 0 DEBORAH PARKER CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 45.00 X 192206 0 14786 SAMUEL TORRES DEPUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 45.00 X 140780 0 20986 332986 0 35772 2 0 1 0 SKY BEAR MEDIA 113 THURSTON AVE NE OLYMPIA WA 985011184 VIDEO PRODUCTION 357196 1 2250981 1466986 3717967 FEES FOR SERVICES 900099 51378 51378 51378 202709 202709 26687 19155 7532 7532 3979586 58910 0 202709 68407 68407 368758 289440 44044 35274 1948738 1530194 231620 186924 53210 41923 6450 4837 253406 197836 31832 23738 203812 155310 30816 17686 10382 10382 71572 16192 55380 65000 65000 174818 131446 11372 32000 87896 79499 8331 66 6141 6141 48589 48589 625027 619845 1947 3235 199829 195279 889 3661 29013 27468 1545 28080 3823 24257 COMMUNICATIONS 493284 493228 56 DIGITAL ARCHIVE 37346 37346 HONORARIUMS AND ART PRO 6089 6089 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES 3081 3081 2887 2687 200 4785365 4015742 462202 307421 2527056 1121356 3000000 3200521 537264 528014 11250 2769 113148 134273 132099 92573 57557 39526 60302 30791 6306577 5057250 320639 279719 380405 7735 62156 32198 763200 319652 X 4688465 4332120 854912 405478 5543377 4737598 6306577 5057250 -805779 0 X X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 434541 1341313 1252456 2458007 3717967 9204284 9358 18317 40358 55836 78065 201934 443899 1359630 1292814 2513843 3796032 9406218 0 0 0 9406218 1754 1671 2585 5332 202709 214051 1754 1671 2585 5332 202709 214051 445653 1361301 1295399 2519175 3998741 9620269 0.97770 0.99910 0.02230 0.00090 X RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 1914 65000 66914 4718451 4785365 389268 97317 0 0 361869 389268 751137 1126706 51814 66914 118728 90467 97317 187784 281676 6762 1914 8676 132099 92573 39526 39526 LEASE LIABILITY 32198 32198 X 4015586 36000 36000 3979586 0 3979586 4821365 36000 36000 4785365 0 4785365 PART X, LINE 2: NABS IS EXEMPT FROM INCOME TAXES UNDER INTERNAL REVENUE CODE SECTION 501(C)(3) AND APPLICABLE MINNESOTA STATUTES, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT IT HAS TAXABLE INCOME FROM ACTIVITIES THAT ARE NOT RELATED TO ITS EXEMPT PURPOSE. MANAGEMENT BELIEVES NABS DID NOT HAVE ANY UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME. NABS BELIEVES THAT IT HAS APPROPRIATE SUPPORT FOR ANY TAX POSITIONS TAKEN, AND ACCORDINGLY, DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT ARE SIGNIFICANT TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 1 SURVIVOR CARE PACKAGES 133 17423 FAIR MARKET VALUE A PACKAGE OF CULTURALLY RELEVANT AND NATIVE MADE WELLNESS PRODUCTS TO SEND CARE TO ELDERS WHO ARE BOARDING SCHOOL SURVIVORS. TRANSPORTATION ASSISTANCE 1 133 OHP INTERVIEWEE HONORARIUMS 133 13300 OHP CEREMONIAL LEADER HONORARIUMS 75 19200 OHP TRANSPORTATION ASSISTANCE 6 3069 HEALING CARE PACKAGE 75 11082 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION INTERVIEWEE HONORARIUMS 5 1200 DIGITAL ARCHIVES HONORARIUMS 8 2400 DIGITAL ARCHIVES CARE PACKAGES 8 600 PART I, LINE 2: ASSISTANCE IS GIVEN TO SURVIVORS WHO QUALIFY FOR THE GRANTS. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DEBORAH PARKER CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 192206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14786 0 206992 0 0 0 SAMUEL TORRES DEPUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 140780 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20986 0 161766 0 0 0 FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6 NABS HAS A MEMBERSHIP. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A NABS HAS A MEMBERSHIP AND AN ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING IS HELD AT WHICH THE MEMBERS VOTE TO ELECT THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7B GOVERNANCE DECISIONS OF NABS ARE APPROVED BY THE GOVERNING BODY. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE BOARD RECEIVED A COPY OF THE DRAFT FORM 990 PRIOR TO FILING WITH THE IRS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE BOARD ANNUALLY SIGNS CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS DETERMINES AND APPROVES THE SALARY FOR THE CEO. THE CEO DETERMINES AND APPROVES THE SALARY FOR EMPLOYEES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 NABS MAKES 990'S AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC ON OUR WEBSITE, BUT NOT OUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2C: THIS PROCESS HAS NOT CHANGED FROM PRIOR YEARS.