2024-08-23T08:26:35-05:00 2023-12-31 521853933 JM&M 10500 LITTLE PATUXENT PARKWAY SUITE 770 COLUMBIA MD 21044 990 2023-01-01 363007817 AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY AMER 7035470875 11190 SUNRISE VALLEY DRIVE 300 RESTON VA 20191 ALAN BROWN TREASURER 7035470875 2024-08-22 1 1 MEENA BISHNOI P01480769 4108840220 2023 2024-08-08 14:25:15Z NANCY ROLLMAN 11190 SUNRISE VALLEY DRIVE 300 RESTON VA 20191 2779668 0 X WWW.ACTOX.ORG X 1977 IL A PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO PROVIDING AN INTERACTIVE FORUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT AND EXCHANGE OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF TOXICOLOGY. THE MISSION IS TO EDUCATE, LEAD, AND SERVE PROFESSIONALS IN INDUSTRY, GOVERNMENT AND ACADEMIA BY PROMOTING THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND PERSPECTIVES ON SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND THE APPLICATION OF NEW DEVELOPMENTS RELATED TO TOXICOLOGY. 15 15 0 19 2000 0 377340 367054 1619134 1706697 225348 275656 178424 174415 2400246 2523822 80106 53011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2111552 2385764 2191658 2438775 208588 85047 6089478 7016530 276555 733305 5812923 6283225 X TO PROMOTE THE RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF TOXICOLOGY. 0 0 1291919 53011 1269342 ANNUAL MEETING AND AWARDS - THE 44TH ANNUAL MEETING WAS HELD IN NOVEMBER 2023 IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA AND WAS ATTENDED BY 1,292 REGISTRANTS AND SPEAKERS. THE 43RD ANNUAL MEETING WAS HELD VIRTUALLY IN NOVEMBER 2022 AND WAS ATTENDED BY 1,183 REGISTRANTS AND SPEAKERS. THE MEETING INCLUDED EDUCATIONAL COURSES AND SYMPOSIA ON TOPICS OF RESEARCH AND ISSUES TO THE VARIOUS FIELDS OF TOXICOLOGY. 277239 364105 EDUCATION AND INFORMATION - THE ASSOCIATION HELD FOUR COURSES DURING 2023 AND 2022. TOXICOLOGY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL AND REGULATORY SCIENTISTS - THIS COURSE WAS ATTENDED BY 76 PARTICIPANTS IN 2023 AND 75 PARTICIPANTS IN 2022. THIS COURSE PROVIDED A BASIC TRAINING IN TOXICOLOGY. USING PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENTS AS EXAMPLES, PARTICIPANTS OBTAINED AN OVERALL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY AND NONCLINICAL SAFETY EVALUATION. PATHOLOGY FOR NON-PATHOLOGISTS TOXICOLOGY - THIS IS HELD EVERY OTHER YEAR AND LECTURES ARE GIVEN BY HIGHLY RESPECTED PATHOLOGISTS HAVING CURRENT AND RELEVANT EXPERIENCE IN TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY. IN 2023, THE COURSE WAS NOT HELD, BUT WAS ATTENDED BY 38 PARTICIPANTS IN 2022. THIS COURSE'S LECTURES COVERED ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, SPONTANEOUS AND CHEMICALLY INDUCED PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES, AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY.ADVANCED COMPREHENSIVE TOXICOLOGY - THIS WAS ATTENDED BY 60 PARTICIPANTS IN 2023 AND 73 PARTICIPANTS IN 2022. IN THIS INTENSIVE COURSE, ATTENDEES WERE PROVIDED DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY, EFFECTS OF XENOBIOTICS ON ORGAN SYSTEMS, MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY. PRACTICAL REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - THIS COURSE WAS ATTENDED BY 34 PARTICIPANTS IN 2023, BUT WAS NOT HELD IN 2022. THIS COURSE PROVIDED A BASIC UNDERSTANDING IN REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES OF VARIOUS TESTING APPROACHES FOR REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, WITH A STRONG EMPHASIS ON THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES AND INTERPRETATION OF NONCLINICAL SAFETY DATA AS WELL AS RISK ASSESSMENT. THE SPECIALTY TOPICS - THIS IS AN ELEARNING SERIES OF SIX MODULES THAT PROVIDES CONTINUING EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES TO PRACTICING TOXICOLOGY PROFESSIONALS. THE MODULES FEATURE RECOGNIZED EXPERTS IN THE FIELDS OF INHALATION TOXICOLOGY, DERMAL TOXICOLOGY, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, JUVENILE ANIMAL STUDIES, SILICO/COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY, AND THRESHOLD/BENCHMARK DOSE SETTING. THE ASSOCIATION CONTINUED PROMOTING ITS RECORDED ELEARNING SERIES, "BASIC TRAINING IN TOXICOLOGY ELEARNING." THE ASSOCIATION LAUNCHED A NEW ELEARNING SERIES IN 2023, "SPECIAL ONCOLOGY BIOTHERAPEUTICS." THE ASSOCIATION ALSO LAUNCHED A NEW ELEARNING SERIES IN 2022, "GENE THERAPY: NONCLINICAL AND REGULATORY STRATEGY." THE ASSOCIATION CONTINUED TO HOST FREE QUARTERLY WEBINARS AND PODCASTS IN 2023 ON CURRENT TOPICS IN TOXICOLOGY, INCLUDING PRIMARILY DRUG AND CHEMICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENTS. PRESENTERS WERE EXPERTS IN THEIR FIELD, WITH BACKGROUNDS IN GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY, OR ACADEMIA. 67787 73250 PUBLICATIONS - EACH YEAR, THE ASSOCIATION PUBLISHES SIX ISSUES OF "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND THREE SUPPLEMENTS, WHICH ARE USED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION ON ISSUES AND CONCERNS RELATING TO THE FIELD OF TOXICOLOGY TO ITS MEMBERS. THE ASSOCIATION ALSO PUBLISHES A QUARTERLY MEMBERSHIP NEWSLETTER, WHICH DISSEMINATES INFORMATION ON THE ASSOCIATION'S ACTIVITIES, MESSAGES FROM THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, AND A SCHEDULE OF EVENTS TO ITS MEMBERS. 1636945 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 15 15 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 VA X AIM 7035470875 11190 SUNRISE VALLEY DRIVE RESTON VA 20191 X FLORENCE BURLESON PRESIDENT THEN PAST-PRESIDENT AS OF 11/2023 5.00 X X 0 0 0 WILLIAM BROCK PRESIDENT-ELECT THEN PRESIDENT AS OF 11/2023 5.00 X X 0 0 0 JEFFREY TEPPER VP THEN PRESIDENT-ELECT AS OF 11/2023 4.00 X X 0 0 0 ALAN HOBERMAN PAST PRESIDENT UNTIL 11/2023 4.00 X X 0 0 0 PATRICIA RYAN VP AS OF 11/2023 4.00 X X 0 0 0 KRISTINA DESMET SECRETARY 4.00 X X 0 0 0 ALAN BROWN TREASURER 4.00 X X 0 0 0 DOUGLAS DONAHUE COUNCILOR AS OF 11/2023 2.00 X 0 0 0 MICHAEL DORATO COUNCILOR AS OF 11/2023 2.00 X 0 0 0 LAURA ANDREWS COUNCILOR UNTIL 11/2023 2.00 X 0 0 0 SIMON AUTHIER COUNCILOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 HEATHER DALE COUNCILOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 RALUCA KUBASZKY COUNCILOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 PEYTON MYERS COUNCILOR UNTIL 11/2023 2.00 X 0 0 0 MELISSA RHODES COUNCILOR UNTIL 11/2023 2.00 X 0 0 0 JULIE WHITE COUNCILOR AS OF 11/2023 2.00 X 0 0 0 RONNIE YEAGER COUNCILOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 THOMAS STEINBACH COUNCILOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 MARIE FORTIN COUNCILOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 NANCY ROLLMAN EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 40.00 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ASSOCIATION INNOVATION MANAGEMENT INC 11190 SUNRISE VALLEY DR STE 300 RESTON VA 20191 MANAGEMENT (INCL. EXE. DIR. COMP.) 1247194 1 185090 181964 367054 ANNUAL MEETING REVENUE 813920 1269342 1269342 TOXICOLOGY COURSES 813920 364105 364105 JOURNAL REVENUE 813920 73250 73250 1706697 264748 264748 172415 172415 266754 255846 10908 10908 10908 JOB POSTING 813920 2000 2000 2000 2523822 1706697 2000 448071 46962 46962 6049 6049 996810 418570 578240 20076 19094 982 12875 12875 34732 34732 88883 63572 25311 29184 29184 107444 82834 24610 135648 111674 23974 2546 2546 52540 29059 23481 837865 816489 21376 30318 26961 3357 4237 1015 3222 DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS 25627 13257 12370 BALLOT 4566 4566 AWARDS AND PLAQUES 1409 1409 UNRELATED BUS. INC. TAX 1004 1004 2438775 1636945 801830 0 353251 550687 36390 43361 124221 139641 38004 74387 90955 63163 58110 27792 5479502 6180662 6089478 7016530 177115 536795 99440 196510 276555 733305 X 5424575 5805278 388348 477947 5812923 6283225 6089478 7016530 85047 385255 0 X X 0 1 X 1 0 X 348964 330246 375950 377340 367054 1799554 1772080 1133204 1237004 1619134 1706697 7468119 2121044 1463450 1612954 1996474 2073751 9267673 27500 10316 13400 24950 14250 90416 28574 22859 18891 70324 27500 10316 41974 47809 33141 160740 9106933 161752 367926 521986 424049 437163 1912876 2760 2760 161752 367926 521986 426809 437163 1915636 6750 4000 7430 18180 2289546 1835376 2142370 2423283 2510914 11201489 0.81300 0.82530 0.17100 0.15890 X RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 1170341 122014 136673 36000 7630 1385398 1286425 111540 -180390 40000 7234 1170341 1073593 132465 116156 29000 6789 1286425 882329 75574 120884 5194 1073593 627212 144635 114922 4440 882329 0.65501 0.26944 0.07555 0 0 90955 63163 27792 27792 X 2874345 385255 385255 2489090 34732 34732 2523822 2404043 0 2404043 34732 34732 2438775 PART V, LINE 4: AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023, THE COUNCIL HAD DESIGNATED $907,451 OF NET ASSETS WITHOUT DONOR RESTRICTIONS AS A GENERAL ENDOWMENT FUND TO SUPPORT EDUCATIONAL AWARDS AND SCHOLARSHIPS IN THE FIELD OF TOXICOLOGY. SINCE THAT AMOUNT RESULTED FROM AN INTERNAL DESIGNATION AND IS NOT DONOR-RESTRICTED, IT IS CLASSIFIED AND REPORTED AS NET ASSETS WITHOUT DONOR RESTRICTIONS. THE ASSOCIATION'S ENDOWMENT FUND ALSO CONSISTS OF DONOR-RESTRICTED FUNDS DONATED TO THE ASSOCIATION. THE INVESTMENT INCOME IS TO BE USED TO FUND STUDENT SCHOLARSHIP AND AWARDS PROGRAMS. THE BALANCE OF THE DONOR-RESTRICTED ENDOWMENT FUNDS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023 WAS $477,947. PART X, LINE 2: THE ASSOCIATION BELIEVES THAT IT HAS APPROPRIATE SUPPORT FOR ANY TAX POSITIONS TAKEN, AND AS SUCH, DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT ARE MATERIAL TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT WOULD HAVE AN EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS. THERE WERE NO UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS OR LIABILITIES REQUIRED TO BE RECORDED. 1 EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) - ALBANIA, ANDORRA, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM 0 0 GRANTS AND TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENTS TO RECIPIENTS ANNUAL MEETING AND AWARDS 6087 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, 0 0 GRANTS AND TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENTS TO RECIPIENTS ANNUAL MEETING AND AWARDS 4626 NORTH AMERICA - CANADA AND MEXICO, BUT NOT THE UNITED STATES 0 0 GRANTS AND TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENTS TO RECIPIENTS ANNUAL MEETING AND AWARDS 3566 0 0 0 0 0 0 14279 0 14279 TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENTS TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE. EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) - ALBANIA, ANDORRA, AUSTRIA, BELGIU 1 1423 WIRE TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENTS TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, 3 4626 WIRE 0 0 0 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 2: TRAVEL GRANT RECIPIENTS USE THE ACT TRAVEL AGENT TO BOOK THEIR FLIGHTS, AND THE ATTENDEES' HOTEL ROOM CHARGES ARE BILLED DIRECTLY TO ACT. TRAVEL GRANT RECIPIENTS ARE PROVIDED A MEAL PER DIEM TO ASSIST WITH THE COST OF MEALS DURING THE DURATION OF THE MEETING. 1 0 0 NORTH AMERICAN GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP SCHOLARSHIP AWARD 10 28200 MILDRED CHRISTIAN WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP AWARD 1 2000 FURST AWARD 1 2000 TRAVEL GRANT 11 12762 DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIST AWARD IN TOXICOLOGY 1 2000 PART I, LINE 2: ACT WORKS WITH THE FELLOWSHIP WINNER AND THE UNIVERSITY TO DISPERSE THE FUNDS. TYPICALLY THE FUNDS ARE SENT TO THE UNIVERSITY IN THE NAME OF THE STUDENT. THE FUNDS ARE APPLIED TO THE STUDENTS BALANCE WITH THE SCHOOL. IF THE STUDENT DOES NOT HAVE A BALANCE ON THEIR ACCOUNT AND THE STUDENT REQUESTS IT, ACT WILL DISPERSE THE FUNDS DIRECTLY TO THE FELLOWSHIP WINNER AND ISSUE THEM A 1099. GRANTS WILL BE AWARDED TO GRADUATE STUDENTS, POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS, EARLY CAREER PROFESSIONALS, OR TOXICOLOGISTS RESIDING IN THE UNITED STATES. RECIPIENTS WILL RECEIVE WAIVED MEETING REGISTRATION, TRANSPORATION TO AND FROM THE MEETING, AND FOUR NIGHTS OF HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS. NO MONITORING OF THE USE OF FUNDS IS CONSIDERED NECESSARY. ACT NORTH AMERICAN GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS ($5,000 SCHOLARSHIP FOR ONE OR TWO YEARS AND TRAVEL REIMBURSEMENT TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING): THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF TOXICOLOGY OFFERED THREE TWO-YEAR FELLOWSHIPS TO GRADUATE STUDENTS IN APPROVED TOXICOLOGY PROGRAMS IN NORTH AMERICA. RECEIPT OF THESE $5,000/YEAR FELLOWSHIPS REQUIRES: 1) SUCCESSFUL ACCEPTANCE INTO A PHD PROGRAM (2-YEAR AWARD) OR IN FINAL YEAR OF A TERMINAL MASTER'S PROGRAM (1-YEAR AWARD) IN THE FIELD OF TOXICOLOGY; 2) CURRICULUM VITAE; 3) A LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION (WHICH ALSO CERTIFIES ACADEMIC STANDING) FROM THE AFFILIATED INSTITUTION DESCRIBING HOW THE APPLICANT MERITS THE AWARD; 4) AN ESSAY (NO MORE THAN 500 WORDS) FROM THE APPLICANT DESCRIBING CAREER ASPIRATIONS; AND 5) ABSTRACT SUBMISSION AND POSTER PRESENTATION AT THE ACT ANNUAL MEETING IN NOVEMBER SUMMARIZING THE PROJECT WORK. THE APPLICATION PERIOD OPENS MARCH 1; THE SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS MAY 1. THE MILDRED CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP AWARD RECOGNIZES WOMEN WHO MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN ADVANCING THE SCIENCE OF TOXICOLOGY, AND WHO HAVE ATTAINED RECOGNITION AS A GLOBAL LEADER IN THE FIELD. MINIMAL MONITORING IS REQUIRED. THE FURST AWARD RECOGNIZES THE MOST OUTSTANDING GRADUATE STUDENT POSTER PRESENTATION GIVEN DURING A SPECIAL POSTER JUDGING COMPETITION HELD SUNDAY EVENING DURING THE ANNUAL MEETING. THE RECIPIENT OF THE FURST AWARD RECEIVES $2,000 AND A PLAQUE. STUDENTS RECEIVING THE NORTH AMERICAN TRAVEL GRANTS AND INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL GRANTS ARE AUTOMATICALLY CONSIDERED IN THE COMPETITION FOR THIS AWARD. THE BEST PAPER PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AWARD RECOGNIZES THE AUTHOR OF THE MOST OUTSTANDING MANUSCRIPT PUBLISHED IN THE COLLEGE'S OFFICIAL JOURNAL DURING THE MOST RECENT CALENDAR YEAR. THE AWARD IS PRESENTED ANNUALLY AND CONSISTS OF $1,000 AND A PLAQUE. THE ACT EDITORIAL BOARD CAREFULLY CONSIDERS ALL NOMINATIONS RECEIVED. NOMINATIONS OUTLINE THE IMPACT OF THE NOMINATED PAPER ON THE TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND OFFER AN EXPLANATION OF WHY THE PAPER IS DESERVING OF SPECIAL RECOGNITION. ELIGIBLE PAPERS ARE THOSE PUBLISHED EITHER ONLINE OR IN PRINT IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY DURING THE PREVIOUS CALENDAR YEAR. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 3 IN DECEMBER 2012, THE ASSOCIATION ENTERED INTO A GENERAL SERVICE AGREEMENT WITH ASSOCIATION INNOVATION AND MANAGEMENT, INC. ("AIM") TO MANAGE ITS BUSINESS AFFAIRS AND TO WORK TOGETHER IN ACHIEVING VARIOUS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSOCIATION AND TO PROVIDE MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND CONFERENCE SERVICES. AT THE EXPIRATION OF THE AGREEMENT, DECEMBER 31, 2018, AND EACH SUBSEQUENT YEAR, THE CONTRACT SHALL EXTEND FOR ANOTHER YEAR, UNLESS EITHER PARTY HAS GIVEN NOTICE TO TERMINATE BY AUGUST 31 OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR. THE MANAGEMENT FEE EXPENSE TO AIM TOTALED $1,269,140, OF WHICH $158,219 WAS FOR EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT, FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2023. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 4 IN 2023, THE ORGANIZATION UPDATED ITS BYLAWS TO REFLECT THE FOLLOWING: THE NOMINATING COMMITTEE SHALL CONSIST OF A CHAIR AND AT LEAST TWO ELECTED MEMBERS WHO HOLD NO OTHER ELECTED OFFICE. THE CHAIR SHALL BE A MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL APPOINTED BY THE PRESIDENT. AT LEAST TWO MEMBERS SHALL BE ELECTED EACH YEAR FOR A TWO-YEAR TERM. THE NOMINATING COMMITTEE SHALL IDENTIFY FUTURE LEADERS OF THE COLLEGE AND PROPOSE TO COUNCIL THE NAMES OF ALL CANDIDATES FOR ELECTED OFFICE AND STANDING COMMITTEES AND RECOMMEND AT LEAST TWO NOMINATIONS FOR EACH ELECTED OFFICE OR COMMITTEE TO BE FILLED. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6 THE ASSOCIATION IS A MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATION THAT HAS 8 CATEGORIES OF MEMBERSHIP: FULL, ASSOCIATE, DISTINGUISHED FELLOW, STUDENT, POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCHER, EMERITUS, HONORARY, AND CORPORATE. ONLY FULL MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATE MEMBERS HAVE VOTING RIGHTS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A THREE COUNCIL MEMBERS ARE ELECTED EACH YEAR BY A MAJORITY OF THE BALLOTS CAST BY THE FULL AND ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE 990 IS SENT TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE AND ENDOWMENT COMMITTEES WHO HAS BEEN DESIGNATED BY THE BOARD TO REVIEW THE 990 ON THEIR BEHALF. AFTER THE REVIEW OF THE 990 BY THE TREASURER, FINANCE COMMITTEE, AND THE ENDOWMENT COMMITTEE IT IS SIGNED BY THE TREASURER BEFORE BEING SENT TO THE IRS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE ASSOCIATION REQUESTS ALL BOARD MEMBERS TO UPDATE THE SIGNED CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AT THE 1ST COUNCIL MEETING AFTER THE START OF THEIR NEW TERM. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 UPON REQUEST, A COPY OF THE ASSOCIATION'S 990 AND GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE MADE AVAILABLE. FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2C: THESE PROCESSES HAVE NOT CHANGED FROM THE PREVIOUS YEAR.