2024-05-14T20:20:13-05:00 2023-06-30 873231666 PKF O'CONNOR DAVIES ADVISORY LLC 245 PARK AVENUE 12TH FLOOR NEW YORK NY 10167 990 2022-07-01 135562374 UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT SOCIETY OF NEW YORK UNIV 2126749120 184 ELDRIDGE STREET NEW YORK NY 10002 RABIYA AKHTAR CHIEF FIN. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER 2126749120 2024-05-14 1 RABIYA AKHTAR XXX-XX-XXXX 1 MELISSA MODELSON P01603524 2122862600 2024-05-14 0 AAL1 IAL1 2022 2023-04-26 12:10:37Z RABIYA AKHTAR 184 ELDRIDGE STREET NEW YORK NY 10002 56001980 0 X WWW.UNIVERSITYSETTLEMENT.ORG X 1886 NY UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT IS A NOT FOR PROFIT ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO THE BETTERMENT OF FAMILIES LIVING AND WORKING ON THE LOWER EAST SIDE OF MANHATTAN AND BROOKLYN. 21 21 880 220 0 0 36795810 43110100 7452469 8359637 283597 -150313 -35130 113976 44496746 51433400 0 134610 0 0 31550006 36524134 0 0 1408519 13828252 15556897 45378258 52215641 -881512 -782241 44434696 44053463 13504765 14585555 30929931 29467908 X UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT IS A NOT FOR PROFIT ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO THE BETTERMENT OF FAMILIES LIVING AND WORKING ON THE LOWER EAST SIDE OF MANHATTAN AND BROOKLYN. 0 0 18235250 0 7935266 CHILDCARE PROGRAMS UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT HAS AN EXTENSIVE TRACK RECORD FOR PROVIDING STRENGTHS BASED SERVICES TO LOW INCOME CHILDREN AND FAMILIES. THE SETTLEMENTS COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES IS BASED ON CREATING TRUSTING RELATIONSHIPS WITH FAMILIES TO PROVIDE THEM WITH THE NECESSARY TOOLS AND SKILLS TO SUPPORT THEIR CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT. CHILDCARE PROGRAMS INCLUDE EARLY HEAD START, TWO EARLY CHILDHOOD CENTERS (THE EARLY CHILDHOOD CENTER AND CHILDREN'S CORNER), AND FAMILY CHILD CARE. FAMILY ENRICHMENT HOME VISITING PROGRAMS PROMOTE PARENT CHILD BONDING AND HEALTHY CHILD DEVELOPMENT. THE BUTTERFLIES PROGRAM PROVIDES MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR YOUNG CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES. WE ALSO PROVIDE INDIVIDUALIZED SERVICES FOR CHILDREN UNDER AGE THREE WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS AND DISABILITIES THROUGH OUR EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAM. ALL PROGRAMS ENGAGE CHILDREN IN A RICH CURRICULUM THAT NURTURES THEIR INTELLECTUAL, SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT. ADDITIONALLY, THE AGENCY ENGAGES PARENTS THROUGH HOME VISITS, CENTER BASED CLASSROOM SESSIONS, SUPPORT GROUPS, WORKSHOPS, EDUCATIONAL/JOB TRAINING AND POLICY COUNCIL MEETINGS, ENABLING THEM TO GAIN THE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE TO SUPPORT THEIR CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT AND HELP THEM REACH THEIR FULL POTENTIAL. VISITS, CENTER BASED CLASSROOM SESSIONS, SUPPORT POTENTIAL. 14424585 0 424371 FAMILY SERVICES AND COUNSELING PROGRAMS UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT HAS A WIDE RANGE OF FAMILY SERVICES AND COUNSELING PROGRAMS. FAMILY SERVICES INCLUDE COMPREHENSIVE EVICTION PREVENTION AND CASE MANAGEMENT, ADULT LITERACY SERVICES, A PUBLIC PERFORMANCE SERIES AND ARTS EDUCATION, ARTS IN HEALTHCARE, A BROAD RANGE OF SERVICES FOR SENIORS, AND TWO COMMUNITY CENTERS THAT OFFER A RANGE OF HEALTH, EDUCATIONAL AND RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES. THE HUB OF THE SETTLEMENT'S MENTAL HEALTH AND COUNSELING PROGRAMS IS ITS CONSULTATION CENTER, A STATE LICENSED MENTAL HEALTH CLINIC, WHICH OFFERS COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY, CONJOINT AND MARITAL THERAPY, MEDICATION MANAGEMENT, AND PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION AND CONSULTATION ONSITE. THE ORGANIZATION ALSO HAS MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS FOR YOUTH AND CHILDREN, INCLUDING CHILDREN'S BLENDED CASE MANAGEMENT AND THE HOMEBASED CRISIS INTERVENTION PROGRAM, WHICH ARE OFFERED IN CLIENTS' HOMES. 10292582 134610 0 YOUTH PROGRAMS UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT'S YOUTH AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAMS STRESS LITERACY AND READING, BLENDING THESE ACTIVITIES WITH HOMEWORK HELP, TARGETED ACADEMIC AND PERSONAL SUPPORT, LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNITY SERVICE OPPORTUNITIES, AND CREATIVE EXPERIENCES SUCH AS FIELD TRIPS, ARTS AND RECREATION. AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAMS ARE OFFERED IN BOTH SCHOOL BASED AND COMMUNITY BASED SETTINGS. PARENTS ARE FULLY INTEGRATED INTO THE PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT THEIR CRUCIAL ROLE IN THEIR CHILDRENS EDUCATIONAL AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT. DURING THE SUMMERS, UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT RUNS STRUCTURED DAY CAMP PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH, WITH A MAJOR FOCUS ON LITERACY AND FIELD TRIPS. ADDITIONALLY, UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT'S TALENT SEARCH PROGRAM PROVIDES COLLEGE ACCESS AND RETENTION SERVICES, INCLUDING INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP COUNSELING, WORKSHOPS, ASSISTANCE WITH COLLEGE APPLICATIONS AND FINANCIAL AID FORMS, COLLEGE FAIRS, GUEST SPEAKERS, AND COLLEGE VISITS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE INTERESTED IN PURSUING POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION. 42952417 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 101 0 880 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 21 21 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 NY X X X RABIYA AKHTAR 2126749120 184 ELDRIDGE STREET NEW YORK NY 10002 RENEE EUBANKS CO-CHAIR 2.00 X X 0 0 0 BENJAMIN SCHALL CO-CHAIR 2.00 X X 0 0 0 EMMA BLOCH VICE PRESIDENT FOR FINANCE, THRU 9/19/22 2.00 X X 0 0 0 RONNI FISHER VICE PRESIDENT FOR PROGRAMS 2.00 X X 0 0 0 RICHARD MEDOR VICE PRESIDENT FOR AUDIT 2.00 X X 0 0 0 FREDERICK YEE TREASURER 2.00 X X 0 0 0 AVIVA WILL SECRETARY 2.00 X X 0 0 0 LEONARD BERMAN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 CHRISTINA CHIU DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 STEVEN GREEN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 HALE GURLAND DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 KEN JOSEPH DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 DEBBIE MADDEN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 PATRICK MICHEL DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 THOMAS MORGAN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 AISHA OLIVER-STALEY DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 STEVE PERRICONE DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 STEVEN M SCHALL DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 DAVID SHAPIRO DIRECTOR, THRU 12/14/22 2.00 X 0 0 0 PETER SIROKA DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 HARLY STEVENS DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 ALAN P WINTERS DIRECTOR, THRU 6/8/23 2.00 X 0 0 0 ANDREW ZHU DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 IAN ZILLA DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 MELISSA E AASE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 35.00 X 238415 0 38017 RABIYA AKHTAR CHIEF FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER 35.00 X 185177 0 17370 LAURA MCGINLEY CHIEF EXTERNAL RELATIONS OFFICER 35.00 X 184450 0 25489 MICHELLE A PAIGE CHIEF PRGM AND EQUITY OFFICER THRU JAN. 2023 35.00 X 192317 0 95 MICHELLE A GREEN CHIEF PEOPLE OFFICER 35.00 X 187055 0 18885 MARY GRACE ADAMS ASSOCIATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 35.00 X 145819 0 27470 MONIQUE FLORES ASSOCIATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 35.00 X 169743 0 22312 1302976 0 149638 24 0 1 0 SOLID FDTN DAYCARE OF E NY AND CANARSIE 10548 AVENUE K BROOKLYN NY 11236 DAYCARE SERVICES 328949 FORVIS LLP 1155 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS SUITE 1 NEW YORK NY 10036 ACCOUNTING SERVICES 260094 SOLOMON PAGE GROUP LLC PO BOX 75015 CHICAGO IL 60675 RECRUITING SERVICES 146410 ORQUIDEA GROUP FAMILY DAY CARE 199 CLEVELAND STREET 1ST FLOOR BROOKLYN NY 11208 DAYCARE SERVICES 139332 MUNDO DE COLORES GROUP FAMILY DAYCARE 383 ELDERT LANE BROOKLYN NY 11208 DAYCARE SERVICES 134541 12 554841 38205170 4350089 43110100 CLINIC AND OTHER PROGRAM FEES 624100 7935266 7935266 MEDICAID 624100 297944 297944 ARTISTS IN RESIDENCE FEES 624100 126427 126427 8359637 160668 160668 119469 0 119469 119469 119469 4093794 4404775 -310981 -310981 -310981 62750 554841 163805 -101055 -101055 MISCELLANEOUS INCOME 900099 63062 63062 SETTLEMENT INCOME 900099 32500 32500 95562 51433400 8359637 0 -36337 X 134610 134610 572416 572416 28147695 23488079 3721711 937905 982117 823264 124634 34219 4389581 3614364 624987 150230 2432325 1985137 364676 82512 244716 244716 320991 320991 31759 31759 7145518 6672806 426449 46263 10524 10037 434 53 1752566 1491102 223244 38220 459136 375276 61099 22761 1120170 623018 458984 38168 109579 97085 11065 1429 529448 511128 17645 675 237179 596 233005 3578 739901 595517 124855 19529 233401 165116 68285 FOOD 1183011 1169447 12588 976 YOUTH EVENTS 793809 793809 REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE 248310 140522 99099 8689 MEMBERSHIP DUES AND SUB 150974 27954 101605 21415 245905 233550 10458 1897 52215641 42952417 7854705 1408519 1551586 34139 0 1909159 11526226 11962526 647059 1576528 0 22930 76907 126882 31879451 8731977 23684775 23147474 6817945 3517084 130198 1756741 44434696 44053463 4492617 5903216 5357674 4003567 3654474 4678772 13504765 14585555 X 28049774 24935957 2880157 4531951 30929931 29467908 44434696 44053463 X -782241 626792 -581495 -725079 X X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 30180599 28942166 28260502 36464397 43110100 166957764 30180599 28942166 28260502 36464397 43110100 166957764 166957764 899986 532324 131764 233891 280137 2078102 619568 61532 44686 41104 95562 862452 169898318 32144858 0.98270 0.97420 X SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME: MANAGEMENT FEES - 2018 AMOUNT: $ 556,656. MISCELLANEOUS INCOME - 2018 AMOUNT: $ 62,912. 2019 AMOUNT: $ 61,532. 2020 AMOUNT: $ 44,686. 2021 AMOUNT: $ 41,104. 2022 AMOUNT: $ 95,562. RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 2705695 444638 236079 2914254 3389712 -447938 236079 2705695 3098767 353099 62154 3389712 3093752 6788 1773 3098767 3062082 121670 90000 3093752 0.00000 0.56953 0.43047 1 0 9750000 9750000 20535158 7232712 13302446 1529243 1499265 29978 65050 65050 23147474 OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES 1703304 DUE TO GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 620885 ADVANCES FROM GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 2354583 4678772 X 52028433 626792 626792 51401641 31759 31759 51433400 52908961 725079 725079 52183882 31759 31759 52215641 PART V, LINE 4: THE SETTLEMENT'S NET ASSETS WITH DONOR RESTRICTIONS INCLUDE ENDOWMENT FUND ASSETS TO BE HELD IN PERPETUITY. THE INCOME FROM THE ASSETS CAN BE USED TO SUPPORT VARIOUS PROGRAMS. PART X, LINE 2: THE SETTLEMENT RECOGNIZES THE EFFECT OF TAX POSITIONS ONLY WHEN THEY ARE MORE LIKELY THAN NOT TO BE SUSTAINED. MANAGEMENT HAS DETERMINED THAT THE SETTLEMENT HAD NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT WOULD REQUIRE FINANCIAL STATEMENT RECOGNITION OR DISCLOSURE. THE SETTLEMENT IS NO LONGER SUBJECT TO EXAMINATIONS BY THE APPLICABLE TAXING JURISDICTIONS FOR PERIODS PRIOR TO JUNE 30, 2020. PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: WRITE-OFF OF UNCOLLECTIBLE PLEDGES REPORTED ON PART XI 725,079. CITY STORIES GALA 617591 554841 62750 23042 46223 12400 82140 617591 554841 62750 23042 46223 12400 82140 163805 -101055 1 PARTICIPANT RENT ASSISTANCE 63 134610 PART I, LINE 2: PARTICIPANTS IN OUR RENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ARE ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE RENTAL ARREAR ASSISTANCE FOR UP TO THREE MONTHS AND/OR WITHIN $3,500, WHICHEVER IS LESS, AS LONG AS 1) THEY HAVE FUTURE ABILITY TO PAY RENT MOVING FORWARD; 2) THE RENTAL ARREAR ASSISTANCE WILL BRING THEM TO A ZERO BALANCE; AND 3) ABLE TO REMAIN IN THEIR CURRENT HOUSING FOR AT LEAST ANOTHER 12 MONTHS. X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MELISSA E AASE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 238415 0 0 0 0 0 15171 0 22846 0 276432 0 0 0 LAURA MCGINLEY CHIEF EXTERNAL RELATIONS OFFICER 184450 0 0 0 0 0 1476 0 24013 0 209939 0 0 0 MICHELLE A GREEN CHIEF PEOPLE OFFICER 187055 0 0 0 0 0 11539 0 7346 0 205940 0 0 0 RABIYA AKHTAR CHIEF FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER 185177 0 0 0 0 0 4281 0 13089 0 202547 0 0 0 MICHELLE A PAIGE CHIEF PRGM AND EQUITY OFFICER THRU JAN. 2023 192317 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 0 192412 0 0 0 MONIQUE FLORES ASSOCIATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 143243 0 0 0 26500 0 9168 0 13144 0 192055 0 0 0 MARY GRACE ADAMS ASSOCIATE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 145819 0 0 0 0 0 9168 0 18302 0 173289 0 0 0 FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 2 STEVEN M. SCHALL, BOARD MEMBER, AND BENJAMIN SCHALL, CO-CHAIR, HAVE A FAMILY RELATIONSHIP. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE ORGANIZATION HAS ITS FORM 990 PREPARED BY AN OUTSIDE ACCOUNTING FIRM AND HAS ESTABLISHED THE FOLLOWING REVIEW PROCESS TO ENSURE THAT THE INFORMATION REPORTED IS COMPLETE AND ACCURATE. THE CHIEF FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER IS PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW OF THE FORM 990. THE INFORMATION ON THE FORM 990 IS COMPARED TO THE AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS LINE BY LINE. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION WHICH DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IS COMPARED TO THE SOURCE DOCUMENTATION WHICH WAS PREPARED FOR THE FORM 990 PREPARER. ALL OF THE OTHER QUESTIONS ARE REVIEWED FOR ACCURACY. AFTER THE FORM 990 IS APPROVED BY THE CHIEF FINANCIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER OR CONTROLLER, THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PERFORMS A CURSORY REVIEW OF THE FORM 990 AND IF IT IS SATISFACTORY, APPROVES IT FOR SUBMISSION. IN ADDITION, THE 990 IS SENT TO THE FULL BOARD PRIOR TO SUBMISSION, AND MEMBERS CAN PROVIDE INPUT BEFORE THE FORM IS FILED. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE ORGANIZATION HAS A WRITTEN CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY THAT APPLIES TO OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AND KEY EMPLOYEES WHO ARE REQUIRED TO DISCLOSE ANNUALLY INTERESTS THAT COULD GIVE RISE TO CONFLICT. THE ORGANIZATION REGULARLY AND CONSISTENTLY MONITORS AND ENFORCES COMPLIANCE WITH THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY. UPON JOINING THE BOARD, NEW MEMBERS ARE INFORMED OF THE AGENCY'S POLICY REGARDING CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND ARE GIVEN A WRITTEN COPY OF THE POLICY. ON AN ANNUAL BASIS, A FORM IS DISTRIBUTED TO ALL BOARD MEMBERS WHEREBY MEMBERS ARE REQUIRED TO DISCLOSE ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST. THE EXECUTIVE TEAM IS ALSO REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE ON AN ANNUAL BASIS. IF A CONFLICT EMERGES, THE BOARD MEMBER MUST DISCLOSE THE CONFLICT TO THE BOARD AND THE BOARD MEMBER WITH THE CONFLICT MUST REFRAIN FROM VOTING ON THE MATTER. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A THE BOARD COMPENSATION COMMITTEE DETERMINES THE SALARY OF THE CEO. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE UTILIZES A UNH SALARY SURVEY AND NATIONAL NON PROFIT SALARY SURVEY TO DETERMINE AND REVIEW THE CEO'S COMPENSATION. THE CEO DETERMINES ALL OTHER EXECUTIVE LEVEL COMPENSATION. THIS WAS LAST REVIEWED IN MAY 2023, THOUGH NO CHANGES WERE MADE TO THE CEO OR EXECUTIVE TEAM SALARIES AT THAT TIME. THE REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS IS DOCUMENTED IN THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE EMAILS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 THE ORGANIZATION MAKES ITS FORM 990 AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION AS REQUIRED UNDER SECTION 6104 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE. THE RETURN IS ALSO POSTED ON GUIDESTAR.ORG AND OTHER SIMILAR TYPES OF WEBSITES. IN ADDITION, THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE UPON WRITTEN REQUEST OR BY CALLING THE ORGANIZATION DIRECTLY. AN ANNUAL REPORT IS ALSO AVAILABLE ON THE ORGANIZATION'S WEBSITE. FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 196,733. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 146,491. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 12,182. TOTAL EXPENSES 355,406. PAYROLL SERVICE FEES: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 344,080. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 14,874. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 1,811. TOTAL EXPENSES 360,765. PROVIDER MOTHER STIPENDS: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 4,167,889. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 180,176. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 21,934. TOTAL EXPENSES 4,369,999. TEMPORARY HELP: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 171,829. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 7,428. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 904. TOTAL EXPENSES 180,161. CONSULTANTS: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 1,503,375. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 64,990. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 7,912. TOTAL EXPENSES 1,576,277. OTHER PROFESSIONAL FEES: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 88,755. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 12,490. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 1,520. TOTAL EXPENSES 102,765. ARTIST IN RESIDENCE: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 111,810. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 0. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 0. TOTAL EXPENSES 111,810. RECRUITMENT FEES: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 88,335. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 0. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 0. TOTAL EXPENSES 88,335. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9: WRITE-OFF OF UNCOLLECTIBLE PLEDGES -725,079. FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2C: THE ORGANIZATION HAS A COMMITTEE THAT ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR OVERSIGHT OF THE AUDIT OF ITS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SELECTION OF AN INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT. THIS PROCESS HAS NOT CHANGED FROM THE PRIOR YEAR.