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        <Desc>Receiving a diagnosis of Dravet syndrome (DS) can be overwhelming and may leave a family with many unanswered questions. 1. DSF Family Network: The DSF Family Network is open to any parent/legal guardian or sibling that is interested in accessing our advocacy services and programs. By joining the family network, community members can stay up to date on new advocacy resources, clinical trials, and educational and fundraising events. As part of the family network, DSF also offers moderated private support groups on Facebook for parents and caregivers of loved ones with Dravet syndrome. We limit membership in these support groups to parents and caregivers who are legally responsible for making medical decisions for the Dravet patient. In 2023, 385 people registered for the family network. 2. Newly Diagnosed Kits: DSF offers a kit for newly diagnosed families that includes a guidebook for families after diagnosis, as well as a medication bag and other materials to assure that families have the knowledge, tools, and resources they need for their child's care. In 2023, DSF mailed 131 kits. 3. Patient Assistance Grants: The DSF Patient Assistance Grant Program offers grants to patients with Dravet syndrome and related SCN1A epilepsies for necessary medical equipment, therapy devices, and educational aids associated with these conditions that are not covered through private insurance or other assistance programs. This program is open to all patients, worldwide, who are members of the DSF Family Network. DSF has awarded 234 families a total of $258k since 2009. 4. Birthday Buddies: Register your loved one with Dravet syndrome and around their birthday they will receive a birthday card and a small gift from DSF's mascot, Aurora! DSF mailed 583 gifts in 2023. 5. Super Siblings Club: To help meet the needs of Dravet siblings, DSF offers a day camp to connect siblings in-person at our biennial conference and annual Day of Dravet workshops. These opportunities address the needs of siblings, within a nurturing and fun environment. Multidisciplinary recreational activities help them to better understand their surroundings, express their feelings, and meet and bond with peers who are experiencing similar circumstances. 6. Bereavement Support: Losing someone you love or care about, particularly a child, is very painful. DSF offers information and resources for coping with grief and loss including a Bereavement Support Group and Remembrance Wall. 7. Biennial Conference: This 3-day event is unique in that it is designed to unite all groups committed to improving the lives of those with Dravet syndrome - including families, caregivers, clinicians, researchers and professionals in the pharmaceutical industry. There will be speaker presentations on the latest advances in research as well as sessions with up to date information impacting patient care. This event allows the opportunity to foster new relationships and collaborations, both for families and professionals. DSF welcomed over 300 people at the 2022 conference. 8. Day of Dravet Workshops: Day of Dravet Workshops are a time for patients and their families to come together to learn about research and treatment options, connect with one another, and be a part of a DSF's shared vision for a better outcome for those affected by Dravet syndrome. They take place on opposite years of our biennial conference. Workshops also feature our VIP Sib Camp and activities for patients. Learn about topics you have heard about and get accurate information to help you make confident and appropriate decisions on what will be helpful for your loved one's care. Sessions are presented by community experts - including other parents. This is a chance for patient families to connect with others in their region and have the rare opportunity for community building and connection. In 2023 over 500 attendees gathered at workshops in Colorado (Denver), Florida (Sanford), Connecticut (Stamford), California (Anaheim), and Kentucky (Newport).</Desc>
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        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Reactivating Scn1a gene in different interneuron subtypes to dissect their contribution to Dravet syndrome phenotype. Dravet syndrome is a devastating epileptic syndrome with associated relevant behavioral alterations. Heterozygous mutations in Scn1a gene account for the disease and its gene product, the sodium channel Nav1.1, is relevant for neuronal activity. While much is understood about the role of Scn1a in inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, less is understood about the contributions of other neuronal subtypes to the complex mechanisms underlying the progression of DS. A DSF Research Grant was awarded to Dr. Gaia Colasante to employ a reversible genetic mouse model of DS to investigate the main aspects of the Dravet phenotype following restoration of Nav1.1 to normal levels in select neuron subtypes. The results of this study will advance the knowledge in the field and, most importantly, will provide information relevant for the setting of more efficient gene therapy strategies.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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      <TotalOtherOrgCnt>0</TotalOtherOrgCnt>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Patient Assistance Grants. The DSF Patient Assistant Grant program offers grants to patients with Dravet syndrome and related epilepsies for necessary medical equipment therapy devices, and educational aids associated with these conditions that are not covered through private insurance or other assistance programs. This program is open to all patients worldwide who are members of the DSF Family Network.</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>3</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>3000</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>812</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <DescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt>Items that are currently covered under this program include: durable medical goods (such as wheelchairs, orthotics, cooling vests, etc.), therapy equipment, communication devices such as iPads, and costs associated with implementation of the ketogenic diet. By awarding these grants, DSF is making no recommendation to the appropriateness or safety of a particular piece of equipment or therapy in treating Dravet syndrome and associated epilepsies and conditions. DSF and its Board of Directors are not responsible for the safety and use of awarded equipment or therapies. Applicants are strongly urged to consult with their medical professionals and therapists regarding equipment and therapies that would be most beneficial for the situation.</DescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>FMV</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Patient Assistance Grants. The DSF Patient Assistant Grant program offers grants to patients with Dravet syndrome and related epilepsies for necessary medical equipment therapy devices, and educational aids associated with these conditions that are not covered through private insurance or other assistance programs. This program is open to all patients worldwide who are members of the DSF Family Network.</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>2</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>761</CashGrantAmt>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>1690</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <DescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt>Items that are currently covered under this program include: durable medical goods (such as wheelchairs, orthotics, cooling vests, etc.), therapy equipment, communication devices such as iPads, and costs associated with implementation of the ketogenic diet. By awarding these grants, DSF is making no recommendation to the appropriateness or safety of a particular piece of equipment or therapy in treating Dravet syndrome and associated epilepsies and conditions. DSF and its Board of Directors are not responsible for the safety and use of awarded equipment or therapies. Applicants are strongly urged to consult with their medical professionals and therapists regarding equipment and therapies that would be most beneficial for the situation.</DescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>FMV</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Patient Assistance Grants. The DSF Patient Assistant Grant program offers grants to patients with Dravet syndrome and related epilepsies for necessary medical equipment therapy devices, and educational aids associated with these conditions that are not covered through private insurance or other assistance programs. This program is open to all patients worldwide who are members of the DSF Family Network.</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Middle East and North Africa</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>288</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <DescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt>Items that are currently covered under this program include: durable medical goods (such as wheelchairs, orthotics, cooling vests, etc.), therapy equipment, communication devices such as iPads, and costs associated with implementation of the ketogenic diet. By awarding these grants, DSF is making no recommendation to the appropriateness or safety of a particular piece of equipment or therapy in treating Dravet syndrome and associated epilepsies and conditions. DSF and its Board of Directors are not responsible for the safety and use of awarded equipment or therapies. Applicants are strongly urged to consult with their medical professionals and therapists regarding equipment and therapies that would be most beneficial for the situation.</DescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>FMV</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
      </ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
      <ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp>
        <TypeOfAssistanceTxt>Patient Assistance Grants. The DSF Patient Assistant Grant program offers grants to patients with Dravet syndrome and related epilepsies for necessary medical equipment therapy devices, and educational aids associated with these conditions that are not covered through private insurance or other assistance programs. This program is open to all patients worldwide who are members of the DSF Family Network.</TypeOfAssistanceTxt>
        <RegionTxt>Sub-Saharan Africa</RegionTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
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        <DescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt>Items that are currently covered under this program include: durable medical goods (such as wheelchairs, orthotics, cooling vests, etc.), therapy equipment, communication devices such as iPads, and costs associated with implementation of the ketogenic diet. By awarding these grants, DSF is making no recommendation to the appropriateness or safety of a particular piece of equipment or therapy in treating Dravet syndrome and associated epilepsies and conditions. DSF and its Board of Directors are not responsible for the safety and use of awarded equipment or therapies. Applicants are strongly urged to consult with their medical professionals and therapists regarding equipment and therapies that would be most beneficial for the situation.</DescriptionOfNonCashAsstTxt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>FMV</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
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        <Event2Nm>Strike Out Dravet</Event2Nm>
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        <EntertainmentOtherEventsAmt>6471</EntertainmentOtherEventsAmt>
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        <GrossReceiptsTotalAmt>1618401</GrossReceiptsTotalAmt>
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          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Case Western Reserve University</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>10900 Euclid Ave</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Cleveland</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>OH</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>44106</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>341018992</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501(c)(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>216166</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Development of an AI-powered Dravet Syndrome Ontology. Although a significant amount of data for Dravet syndrome (DS) is available from model organisms and humans, methods to integrate and analyze these disparate data resources are limited in scale and functionality. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods such as ontologies and machine learning (ML) algorithms are ideal for complex analytics over big data to aid in knowledge discovery. Satya Sahoo, PhD has already applied a combined epilepsy ontology and ML approach to analyze data resulting in high accuracy classification models. These findings suggest that AI methods can be used for automated analysis of basic science and clinical literature to compare model systems and humans and indicate new experiments to characterize these relationships. A DSF Research Grant was awarded to Dr. Sahoo to extend the epilepsy ontology specifically for DS that together with ML algorithms can automatically index literature and enable analysis of data.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>The Research Foundation for the State University of New York</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>35 State Street</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Albany</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>NY</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>12207</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>141368361</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501(c)(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>150000</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Genetic Substrates and Physiological Triggers for Autonomic and Cardiac Abnormalities in Dravet Syndrome. Using cellular and animal models, David Auerbach, PhD previously demonstrated that Dravet syndrome (DS) mutations result in electrical disturbances in the heart, and cardiac arrhythmias preceded Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). Patients DS are at a high risk of SUDEP. A DSF Clinical Research Grant was awarded to Dr. Auerbach to perform detailed ECG analysis in two severe forms of epilepsy (DS &amp; Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome) during specific non-seizure physiological states and investigate the temporal evolution of these measures leading up to and following a seizure, which will foster the future development and validation of ECG markers for cardiac-mediated SUDEP risk in DS patients.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
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          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>The University of Texas at Austin</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
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        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>3925 West Braker Lane Ave</AddressLine1Txt>
          <AddressLine2Txt>Bldg 156 Suite 3340</AddressLine2Txt>
          <CityNm>Austin</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>TX</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>78759</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>746000203</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>Government Entity</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>165000</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Cerebellar deficits as mechanisms for motor, cognitive, and social dysfunction in Dravet syndrome. In addition to frequent and severe seizures, most people with Dravet syndrome (DS) also suffer life-altering difficulties with coordinated movement/muscle control, autism-associated behaviors, and learning and memory. The cerebellum is a brain region known to be involved in movement, cognition/memory, and social behavior, but is understudied in DS. Preliminary data showed that Purkinje cells are hypo-active in a mouse model of DS. Similar hypoactivity of this cell type causes movement disorders and autism in other neurological diseases. A DSF Research Grant was awarded to Mackenzie Howard, PhD to utilize a novel mouse model of DS that has allowed the study of DS-related genetic mutations in this specific cell type and the link to changes in comorbidities often reported in DS.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>The University of Utah</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>201 S Presidents Circle Room 210</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Salt Lake City</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>UT</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>84112</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>876000525</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501(c)(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>75000</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Evaluating the effects of sub-chronic exposure to sub-clinical levels of CO on Dravet etiology and associated SUDEP risk. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the top most deadly air pollutants that is positively associated with an increased risk of epilepsy hospitalizations and sub-clinical seizures. CO is known to cause hypoxemia, hypoxia and impair lung function. Dravet syndrome (DS), a debilitating pediatric genetic epilepsy is characterized by refractory seizures, increased mortality rate due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and cognitive/psychomotor dysfunction. SUDEP has no clear mechanisms but is reported to be caused by cardio-respiratory mechanisms. A DSF Postdoctoral Fellowship was awarded to Ashwini Sri Hari, PhD to address the question of whether and how CO exposure exacerbates pathomechanisms in DS patients and their associated SUDEP risk.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>Vanderbilt University Medical Center</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>3319 West End Ave Suite 700</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Nashville</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>TN</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>37203</ZIPCd>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>352528741</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501(c)(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>165000</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Cerebellar deficits as mechanisms for motor, cognitive, and social dysfunction in Dravet syndrome. A DSF Research Grant was awarded to William Nobis, PhD to investigate if chronic exposure to the odorant 2-phenylethanol ("rose odor") will decrease mortality and improve neuropsychiatric comorbidities of DS through attenuation of extended amygdalar neuronal activation. Given the long history of odorant therapy in the treatment of seizures, as well as links between the areas of the brain that receive olfactory inputs having a role in control of respiration and seizure-related breathing dysfunction, there is potential for odorants that modulate these circuits to provide a non-invasive, well-tolerated means to decrease seizure-related death. Exciting preliminary data using a mouse model of DS suggests that mortality is reduced by chronic exposure to rose odor, and this study will build on that data to explore the effects on mortality, seizure frequency and comorbidities.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <Total501c3OrgCnt>5</Total501c3OrgCnt>
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      <GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
        <GrantTypeTxt>Patient Assistance Grants. The DSF Patient Assistant Grant program offers grants to patients with Dravet syndrome and related epilepsies for necessary medical equipment therapy devices, and educational aids associated with these conditions that are not covered through private insurance or other assistance programs. This program is open to all patients worldwide who are members of the DSF Family Network. The DSF Disaster Relief and Recovery Fund was established for patients with Dravet syndrome that have been impacted by natural and other significant natural disaster events in the U.S., such as tornados, hurricanes, earthquakes. Flooding that results from a significant natural disaster event would also qualivy. Families that are members of the DSF Family network may apply for a $500 Vica car or Amazon E-card to be used for lodging, food supplies or however needed.</GrantTypeTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>38</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>2540</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>26792</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
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        <NonCashAssistanceDesc>Items that are currently covered under this program include: durable medical goods (such as wheelchairs, orthotics, cooling vests, etc.), therapy equipment, communication devices such as iPads, and costs associated with implementation of the ketogenic diet. By awarding these grants, DSF is making no recommendation to the appropriateness or safety of a particular piece of equipment or therapy in treating Dravet syndrome and associated epilepsies and conditions. DSF and its Board of Directors are not responsible for the safety and use of awarded equipment or therapies. Applicants are strongly urged to consult with their medical professionals and therapists regarding equipment and therapies that would be most beneficial for the situation.</NonCashAssistanceDesc>
      </GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
      <GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
        <GrantTypeTxt>Caregiver Connect Grants. Caregiver Connect Grants are available from $100-$400 and can partially or fully fund a local Dravet family gathering or an ongoing Dravet support group in your area. The goal of the grants is to allow our community members to connect and receive support from one another. At this time, Caregiver Connect grants are only available for events within the United States that are members of the DSF Family Network. Funds are not available for parties for an individual child or family, awareness events, or for the benefit of individuals outside of the Dravet community.</GrantTypeTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>1</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>400</CashGrantAmt>
      </GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Schedule I, Part I, Line 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>DSF provides funds for research. The organizations receiving this assistance are required to provide written progress reports on their research into finding a cure for Dravet syndrome and related epilepsies. The Scientific Director of DSF reviews the written progress reports and discusses the research projects and progress with the awarded organization. DSF also provides funding to patients with Dravet syndrome and related epilepsies for necessary medical equipment, therapy devices and education aids associated with these conditions that are not covered through private insurance or other assistance programs. Applicants are required to submit an application that includes a recent letter from the child's healthcare provider explaining the medical necessity of the request and when possible, a letter of denial from the insurance provider.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <PersonNm>Veronica Hood</PersonNm>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>A conflict of interest disclosures statement is distributed and signed by each board member annually. Conflicts are dealt with on a case-by-case basis.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part IX, Line 11g</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Other fees for services include Media Relations ($180,000), Payroll &amp; Human Resource ($3,903) and Translation Services ($720).</ExplanationTxt>
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