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        <ExplanationTxt>Grant makers Explanation for Monitoring Use of Funds Outside USEducation and Science Society (ESS) sets the rules and regulations for each program.Program implementation is facilitated by ESS local representatives in China accordingto the rules and regulations established by ESS (in US).(1) Adopt a Rural School Library (ARSL)Reading is fundamental. ESS) provides hundreds of children's books to sociallyand economically undeserved rural elementary schools in Hunan province. The purposeis to encourage the schools to set up library corners in their classroom for the easy access to students. The procedures are the ESS local representative workwith their local education agencies to identify needy schools; ESS funded book to 5rural elementary schools in Hunan Province and 1 in Henan Province.(2) Financial Aid for Rural Students (FARS)Education is the most important way to fight for ignorance and poverty in recentyears, Chinese government substantially increased its inputs to the first nine years(K-9 grades) of education in recent years as the compulsory education. Thus, ESS/FARS program hence shifted its focus towards only in senior high students, and also to children from especially disadvantaged groups including those with disabilities and those deprived of parental care. There are a total of 331 students received financial aid.(3) Science Camps for Rural StudentsEvery child has potential, imagination and they absorbed new knowledge as sponges during childhood. Summer camp opens windows in children's minds, which may grow into a lifelong pursuit of science. There were 8 science camp held in 2023 in remote county schools of Hunan Province, a total of 929 school children participated in those 8 science camps. About 90% of students in those rural school students are "left-behind" children whose parents are away from for jobs with better pay. The camps provide those children with opportunities to enjoy the fun of basic science.(4) Innovative Teaching Grant for Rural TeachersThe front-line teachers in poverty-stricken areas primary and secondary schools of China are an important force in the country's basic education. Due to the difficult teaching environment in many rural schools, teachers lack opportunities for professional growth, resulting in a serious loss of teachers. In order to encourage rural teachers to be willing to teach and dare to innovate, since 2019, the Education and Science Society (ESS) in the US has established the "ESS Innovative Teaching Grant for Rural Teachers" pro-gram, which provides rural teachers with small subsidies at their disposal for teaching innovation. There were 40 rural teachers received the grant from this program.</ExplanationTxt>
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