2024-03-05T14:18:51-06:00 2023-06-30 420714325 RSM US LLP 4622 PENNSYLVANIA AVE STE 1100 KANSAS CITY MO 64112 990 2022-07-01 430887779 CATHOLIC CHARITIES OF KANSAS CITY - ST JOSEPH INC CATH 8162214377 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD KANSAS CITY MO 64130 KAREN NOEL CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 8162214377 2024-02-29 1 KAREN NOEL 999009999 0 KEVIN ENSMINGER P01310558 8167533000 2024-02-29 2 AAL1 IAL1 2022 2023-04-26 12:10:37Z KAREN NOEL 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD 250 KANSAS CITY MO 64130 6984704 0 X WWW.CATHOLICCHARITIES-KCSJ.ORG X 1968 MO SERVICES ARE PROVIDED ACROSS FOUR PILLARS: EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE, CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES, HOUSING SERVICES, AND EMPLOYMENT SERVICES. THE STAFF ENCOURAGE ENROLLMENT IN AGENCY PROGRAMS SUCH AS: EMPLOYMENT SERVICES; RAPID AND PERMANENT HOUSING; FINANCIAL LITERACY; BUDGETING AND PARENTING CLASSES. CLIENTS MAY ALSO BE REFERRED TO ONE OR MORE OF THE AGENCY'S COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS WHO OFFER ADDITIONAL SERVICES, SO EACH CLIENT HAS ACCESS TO THE SUPPORT AND SERVICES THEY REQUIRE TO BE SUCCESSFUL. SHORT AND LONG-TERM CLIENT ENGAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES ARE TRACKED IN A ROBUST DATABASE, AND REPORTED REGULARLY TO STAKEHOLDERS. 15 15 108 168 0 0 3803539 3243194 3157213 3581215 109843 24400 -77943 -161759 6992652 6687050 1552753 2173183 0 0 3487346 3977627 0 0 704358 1330553 1435941 6370652 7586751 622000 -899701 6077783 5962581 1188758 1723865 4889025 4238716 X HELPING PEOPLE MOVE TO A BETTER LIFE THROUGH HOPE-FILLED CARE, SERVICES, AND ADVOCACY; CALLING ALL THOSE OF GOODWILL TO JOIN US. 0 0 1333710 729906 1268337 COMMUNITY HOUSING PROGRAMS OFFER VARIOUS HOUSING SOLUTIONS FOR THOSE WHO ARE CHRONICALLY HOMELESS OR ON THE VERGE OF BECOMING HOMELESS. SERVICES INCLUDE RAPID REHOUSING AND HOUSING PREVENTION THROUGH THE SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VETERAN'S FAMILY PROGRAM WHICH SERVED 113 HOUSEHOLDS DURING FY23 AS WELL AS FOUR PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE SERVICES COMMUNITY HOUSING PROGRAMS FUNDED BY HUD ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF CHRONICALLY HOMELESS INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE DIAGNOSED DISABLED. DURING FY23, 192 INDIVIDUALS WERE SERVED BY THIS PERMANENT HOUSING OPTION. 1388458 693241 145790 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT OVERSEES THE OPERATIONS OF CURRENT AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROPERTIES IN OUR PORTFOLIO AND IDENTIFY NEW POTENTIAL PROPERTIES FOR DEVELOPMENT TO MEET THE AFFORDABLE HOUSING NEEDS IN OUR SERVICE AREA. IN ADDITION TO MEETING THE BASIC NEED FOR SHELTER, AFFORDABLE HOUSING ALSO IS A COMPONENT OF OUR EFFORTS TO PROMOTE POSITIVE LIFE OUTCOMES FOR LOW- AND MODERATE-INCOME INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES. HOUSING DEVELOPMENT ALSO MANAGES SUPPORTIVE SERVICE COORDINATORS AT VARIOUS PROPERTIES WHERE CONTRACTED. THE SERVICE COORDINATOR HELPS RESIDENTS TO ACCESS SERVICES AVAILABLE IN THE COMMUNITY AND DESIGNS PROGRAMS AND SERVICES TO MEET THE NEEDS AND DESIRES OF THE PROPERTY'S RESIDENTS. CATHOLIC CHARITIES' COORDINATORS WORK DIRECTLY WITH THE CLIENTS, ONE ON ONE, TO IDENTIFY BOTH EMERGENCY NEEDS WHICH PROMPTED THEM TO SEEK SERVICE AND THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF THE CRISIS. THIS INDIVIDUALIZED, HOLISTIC INTAKE PROCESS MEETS THE IMMEDIATE NEED OF THE CLIENT WHILE BEGINNING THE WORK OF LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY PLANNING. ALL SERVICES ARE PROVIDED IN A STRENGTH BASED, CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE MANNER AND INCLUDE THE CLIENT CENTRIC SERVICE MODEL. IN FY'23 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PROVIDED SERVICES COVERING 236 INDIVIDUALS. 1521367 601044 121456 THE WELCOME CENTER FUNCTIONS AS THE AGENCY'S SINGLE POINT OF ENTRY AND PROVIDES EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE SERVICES TO THOSE IN NEED. EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE WELCOME CENTER INCLUDES RENT AND UTILITY ASSISTANCE, FOOD, HYGIENE, SEASONAL CLOTHING ITEMS, DIAPERS AND ASSISTANCE WITH APPLYING FOR PUBLIC BENEFITS. ALSO, THE WELCOME CENTER CONNECTS CLIENTS TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RESOURCES TO HELP MEET THEIR NEEDS. THE WELCOME CENTER HAS ONSITE PARTNERSHIPS THAT PROVIDES SERVICES AT OUR LOCATION, SUCH ATTORNEY SERVICES AND THE KANSAS CITY PUBLIC LIBRARY. DURING FY23, 1928 PARTICIPANTS WERE SERVED IN THE WELCOME CENTER. THE AGENCY ALSO OPERATED TWO FOOD PANTRIES AND SERVED 1,309 INDIVIDUALS. 845010 69505 1969639 CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES WORKS WITH LOW-INCOME FAMILIES PROVIDING CASE MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORTIVE SERVICES TO PREGNANT WOMEN AND FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN AT HOME. MOM'S EMPOWERMENT, SOCIAL BUTTERFLIES AND ADOPTION SERVICES MAKE UP THE CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES. CASE MANAGERS ASSIST CLIENTS WITH SETTING AND WORKING TOWARD ACCOMPLISHING INDIVIDUALIZED GOALS, PROVIDING HEALTH INFORMATION AND EDUCATION, PARENTING AND/OR ADOPTION PLANS, AND ASSISTANCE WITH ANCILLARY SERVICES SUCH AS BABY/CHILDREN'S SUPPLIES, RENT, UTILITIES AND TRANSPORTATION ASSISTANCE. IN FY23 CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES HELPED 199 FAMILIES, AND AN ADDITIONAL 34 ADOPTIVE COUPLES. 365367 79486 75993 EMPLOYMENT SERVICES PROVIDED VARIOUS SERVICES TO INDIVIDUALS SEEKING TO OBTAIN AND MAINTAIN EMPLOYMENT. THESE SERVICES MAY INCLUDE JOB READINESS AND RETENTION SERVICES, EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE SPECIFIC TO EMPLOYMENT BARRIERS AS WELL AS JOB MATCHING AND PLACEMENT. DURING FY23, 467 INDIVIDUALS WERE SERVED. 1210377 148991 2045632 5453912 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 202 0 1 108 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 15 15 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 X KEN BEVERS DIRECTOR OF FINANCE 8162214377 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD 250 KANSAS CITY MO 64130 DR EDWARD KREMER CHAIR 1.00 0.00 X X 0 0 0 ROD CARSON VICE CHAIR 1.00 0.00 X X 0 0 0 KAREN MITCHELL-LAYTON SECRETARY 1.00 0.00 X X 0 0 0 DOUG HOELSCHER TREASURER 1.00 0.00 X X 0 0 0 JOE ARNONE MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 FR JONATHAN DAVIS MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 JENNIFER DOOLITTLE MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 MELISSA FRERKING MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 CLAUDIA GREIM MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 BETSY LYNCH MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 IKE NWABUONWU MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 TED PLACE MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 JUSTIN PULIKKAN MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 ANDREW SHEPARD MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 MIKE TESMER MEMBER 1.00 0.00 X 0 0 0 SUNNY JONES COO 50.00 0.00 X 93753 0 14990 KAREN NOEL CEO 50.00 0.00 X 108125 0 41364 201878 0 56354 1 0 0 0 WSKF INC 110 ARMOUR RD NORTH KANSAS CITY MO 64116 ARCHITECT SERVICES FOR NEW FOOD PANTRY 214776 1 239935 468370 403516 2131373 295437 3243194 EDUCATION & SUPPORT 624110 1969639 1969639 COMMUNITY HOUSING 624310 1268337 1268337 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT 624310 145790 145790 WELCOME CENTER 624310 121456 121456 EMPLOYMENT SERVICES 624310 75993 75993 3581215 53885 53885 34512 35000 98997 0 -64485 35000 -29485 -29485 33119 468370 198657 -165538 -165538 MISCELLANEOUS 812900 3779 3779 3779 6687050 3581215 0 -137359 2173183 2173183 267265 164272 68566 34427 3004964 1846979 770914 387071 85955 57131 10358 18466 393269 250835 106668 35766 226174 138915 57864 29395 1197 1197 39165 39165 21713 21713 183797 52241 120198 11358 120057 13079 32448 74530 135437 53671 48297 33469 147184 72413 49673 25098 404154 311967 62501 29686 83464 69020 6017 8427 6991 3265 1789 1937 7456 7456 67256 63957 2198 1101 99208 84450 10964 3794 BAD DEBT 80471 80471 TRAINING 16219 3984 10662 1573 DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS 11692 3433 5753 2506 DECORATIONS AND SUPPLIE 5149 757 4392 5331 1993 1976 1362 7586751 5453912 1428481 704358 1481622 346605 133865 458669 516694 614835 124585 91339 64505 70136 1924090 475670 1162399 1448420 2579063 2404654 1500 1500 13550 526423 6077783 5962581 404648 471473 84110 9170 700000 1243222 1188758 1723865 X 2658763 2486403 2230262 1752313 4889025 4238716 6077783 5962581 -899701 249392 0 X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 2285018 2487129 11145652 3803539 3243194 22964532 3050670 3455501 3389285 3157213 3581215 16633884 5335688 5942630 14534937 6960752 6824409 39598416 86692 101721 188413 2085356 2391776 1827960 2221846 2575314 11102252 2085356 2391776 1827960 2308538 2677035 11290665 28307751 21714 13151 19733 38601 53885 147084 21714 13151 19733 38601 53885 147084 110136 41615 22858 2370 3779 180758 5467538 5997396 14577528 7001723 6882073 39926258 0.70900 0.70360 0.00370 0.00270 X SCHEDULE A, PART III, LINE 12, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME: MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE - 2018 AMOUNT: $ 110,136. 2019 AMOUNT: $ 41,615. 2020 AMOUNT: $ 22,858. 2021 AMOUNT: $ 2,370. 2022 AMOUNT: $ 3,779. RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 256137 256137 894791 103548 791243 387260 348347 38913 385902 23775 362127 1448420 RIGHT OF USE ASSET 526423 526423 MORTGAGE LIABILITY TO RELATED PARTY 676519 LEASE LIABILITY 566703 1243222 X 7135099 249392 249392 6885707 -198657 -198657 6687050 7785408 0 7785408 -198657 -198657 7586751 PART X, LINE 2: THE ORGANIZATION IS EXEMPT FROM INCOME TAXES UNDER SECTION 501 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND A SIMILAR PROVISION OF STATE LAW. HOWEVER, THE ORGANIZATION IS SUBJECT TO FEDERAL INCOME TAX ON ANY UNRELATED BUSINESS TAXABLE INCOME. PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: RECLASSIFICATION OF SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSES -198,657. PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: RECLASSIFICATION OF SPECIAL EVENT EXPENSES -198,657. GALA 456305 424805 31500 8750 99941 2350 76894 OUTPACE POVERTY 5K 45184 43565 1619 1619 540 122 8441 501489 468370 33119 1619 8750 100481 2472 85335 198657 -165538 1 HOUSING 540 1377624 UTILITIES 380 259185 TRANSPORTATION 243 29600 CHILDREN SUPPORTIVE SERVICES 865 47712 8274 FMV CHILDREN'S CLOTHING, PACK N PLAY, BLANKETS FOOD 2570 74178 190008 FEEDING AMERICA VALUATION RATE FOOD MEDICAL AND DENTAL 14 3226 OTHER SPECIAL ASSISTANCE 4255 94902 88474 FMV HYGIENE, CLOTHING, BABY ITEMS PART I, LINE 2: FIRST, THE APPROPRIATE AGENCY PERSONNEL BECOME COMPLETELY FAMILIAR WITH THE ALLOWABLE EXPENDITURES, REIMBURSEMENT METHODS, RECORDING, AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF EACH GRANT RECEIVED. THE AGENCY SETS UP FUNDING SOURCE DIMENSIONS IN ITS ACCOUNTING SYSTEM TO TRACK AND REPORT ON GRANT FUNDS INDIVIDUALLY. IN ADDITION, IT KEEPS SPREADSHEETS THAT DOWNLOAD SYSTEM DATA. THIS DATA IS SHARED WITH PROGRAM/GRANT DIRECTORS IN A REAL TIME AND MONTHLY BASIS, AND ANY VARIANCES ARE RESEARCHED AND CORRECTED, IF NECESSARY. X 2943 FMV X 1233 61894 FMV X 64549 123933 FMV X HYGIENE 49729 95479 FMV X OTHER 1119 11188 FMV 0 0 1 0 PART I, COLUMN (B): REPORTING THE NUMBER OF ITEMS RECEIVED EXCEPT FOR FOOD INVENTORY WHICH IS BASED ON AMOUNT IN POUNDS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6 THE BISHOP OF THE DIOCESE OF KANSAS CITY - ST. JOSEPH IS THE SOLE MEMBER OF CATHOLIC CHARITIES OF KANSAS CITY - ST. JOSEPH, INC. THE BISHOP IS DESIGNATED AS THE SOLE MEMBER SO LONG AS THE DIOCESE OF KANSAS CITY- ST. JOSEPH SHALL CONTINUE TO QUALIFY AS A TAX EXEMPT, NON-PROFIT ENTITY RECOGNIZED UNDER SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE IRC. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A THE ORGANIZATION'S SOLE MEMBER, THE BISHOP OF THE DIOCESE OF KANSAS CITY-ST. JOSEPH, HAS THE SOLE RIGHT TO ELECT AND REMOVE BOARD MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATION. BOARD MEMBERS ARE FIDUCIARIES, CHARGED WITH MAKING GOVERNING DECISIONS ON THE ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND FINANCIAL POLICIES STEERING THE ORGANIZATION. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7B THE BISHOP OF THE DIOCESE OF KANSAS CITY ST. JOSEPH SHALL BE ENTITLED TO BE THE SOLE VOTE ON ALL MATTERS REQUIRING A VOTE OF THE MEMBERS AS SPECIFIED BY LAW AND THE CORPORATE BYLAWS WHICH LIST THE POWER TO CHANGE THE NUMBER OF DIRECTORS, TO ELECT THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, TO REMOVE DIRECTORS AND AMEND THE CORPORATE BYLAWS. THE BOARD, AS THE GOVERNING BODY, HAS THE POWER TO EXERCISE ALL OTHER CORPORATE POWERS AS DESIGNATED IN THE CORPORATE BYLAWS. UNLESS THE GOVERNING BODY OTHERWISE PROVIDES, THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER SHALL HAVE GENERAL EXECUTIVE POWERS AND DUTIES OF MANAGEMENT AS ARE USUALLY VESTED IN THE OFFICE OF THE CEO OF A CORPORATION. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE CEO, COO, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT, AND DIRECTOR OF FINANCE PREPARE THE 990 QUESTIONNAIRE AND REVIEW THE FINAL 990 BEFORE IT IS PUBLISHED. THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD REVIEWS THE FINAL DOCUMENT AND THE FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS APPROVES ITS RELEASE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C AT THE TIME OF HIRE (OR ELECTION IN THE CASE OF CORPORATE DIRECTORS) AND ANNUALLY THEREAFTER, THE CEO AND HIS/HER DESIGNEE SHALL PROVIDE TO THE BOARD AND TO ALL EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF,ASSOCIATES AND VOLUNTEERS A COPY OF THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY. WHEN JOINING THE ORGANIZATION AND ANNUALLY, EACH SUCH PERSON IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE QUESTIONNAIRE TO IDENTIFY ANY RELATIONSHIPS, POSITIONS OR CIRCUMSTANCES WITH RESPECT TO WHICH IT IS BELIEVED A CONFLICT MAY ARISE. SUCH ANNUAL MONITORING AND REVIEW PROCEDURES ARE PART OF THE CORPORATE COMPLIANCE PLAN. AN APPROPRIATE REPORT SHALL BE SUBMITTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE CONCERNING ANY CORPORATE DIRECTOR INTEREST SO DISCLOSED. EACH MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND ALL MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATES SHALL DISCLOSE FULLY AND FRANKLY ANY AND ALL ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OR DUALITY OF INTEREST OR RESPONSIBILITY, WHETHER INDIVIDUAL, PERSONAL OR BUSINESS WHICH MAY EXIST OR APPEAR AS TO EXIST. IF A DIRECTOR, STAFF MEMBER, ASSOCIATE OR VOLUNTEER HAS A PERSONAL OR FINANCIAL INTEREST IN A PARTICULAR CONTRACT OR TRANSACTION RELATED TO CATHOLIC CHARITIES, THE INDIVIDUAL MUST DISCLOSE ALL MATERIAL FACTS TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE (FOR DIRECTORS) OR TO THE CEO OR HUMAN RESOURCES (FOR STAFF) AND, AS APPLICABLE, TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR REVIEW, CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OR AUTHORIZATION. IF A DIRECTOR IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST, THE DIRECTOR SHALL NOT BE ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE DISCUSSION REGARDING SUCH AUTHORIZATION OR APPROVAL AND IS NOT ALLOWED TO VOTE ON THE MATTER. THE MATTER IS DISCUSSED AND A VOTE, IF ANY, SHALL BE RECORDED IN THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD OR ITS COMMITTEE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 MARKET STUDIES ARE PERIODICALLY CONDUCTED BY THE HR DEPARTMENT AND DIRECTOR OF FINANCE FOR REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY THE CEO FOR ALL JOBS WITHIN THE AGENCY. THE CEO SALARY IS INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY. ANNUALLY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REVIEWS THE CEO SALARY IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE HR DEPARTMENT AND APPROVES ANY SALARY ADJUSTMENT/TREATMENT THAT IS CONSISTENT WITH SALARY TREATMENT OF OTHER STAFF. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 ANNUAL AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENT IS AVAILABLE ON THE FEDERAL AUDIT CLEARINGHOUSE WEBSITE. GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. CATHOLIC CHARITIES OF KANSAS CITY - ST JOSEPH LEGACY FUND 4741 CAUGHLIN PKWY RENO NV 89519 856664787 BENEFIT AND SUPPORT THE CATHOLIC CHARITIES OF KANSAS CITY - ST. JOSEPH, INC. NV 501(C)(3) LINE 12D, III-O N/A 0 MURPHY LAKE APARTMENTS HOUSING CORPORATION 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD KANSAS CITY MO 64130 432118157 LOW INCOME HOUSING FOR LOW INCOME TENANTS MO 501(C)(3) LINE 10 N/A 0 NEIGHBORHOODS OF HOPE COMMUNITY HOUSING 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD KANSAS CITY MO 64130 813912869 HOUSING MO 501(C)(3) LINE 1 N/A 0 RED BRIDGE PLACE HOUSING CORP 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD KANSAS CITY MO 64130 431668309 LOW INCOME HOUSING FOR LOW INCOME TENANTS MO 501(C)(3) LINE 10 N/A 0 ST JOSEPH PLACE INC 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD KANSAS CITY MO 64130 300471274 LOW INCOME HOUSING FOR LOW INCOME TENANTS MO 501(C)(3) LINE 10 N/A 0 ST PATRICK'S MANOR 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD KANSAS CITY MO 64130 311526123 LOW INCOME HOUSING FOR LOW INCOME TENANTS MO 501(C)(3) LINE 10 N/A 0 THE OFFICE OF THE BISHOP OF THE DIOCESE - KCSJ PO BOX 419037 KANSAS CITY MO 64141 440546494 RELIGIOUS MO 501(C)(3) LINE 1 N/A 0 TREMONT PLACE HOUSING CORPORATION 4001 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD KANSAS CITY MO 64130 431604833 LOW INCOME HOUSING FOR LOW INCOME TENANTS MO 501(C)(3) LINE 10 N/A 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0